<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gabriel, Gregory J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maegerlein, Janet A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nelson, Christopher F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dabkowski, Jeffrey M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eren, Tarik</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nüsslein, Klaus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tew, Gregory N</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparison of facially amphiphilic versus segregated monomers in the design of antibacterial copolymers.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemistry</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Bacterial Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Membrane</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plastics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surface-Active Agents</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">433-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A direct comparison of two strategies for designing antimicrobial polymers is presented. Previously, we published several reports on the use of facially amphiphilic (FA) monomers which led to polynorbornenes with excellent antimicrobial activities and selectivities. Our polymers obtained by copolymerization of structurally similar segregated monomers, in which cationic and non-polar moieties reside on separate repeat units, led to polymers with less pronounced activities. A wide range of polymer amphiphilicities was surveyed by pairing a cationic oxanorbornene with eleven different non-polar monomers and varying the comonomer feed ratios. Their properties were tested using antimicrobial assays and copolymers possessing intermediate hydrophobicities were the most active. Polymer-induced leakage of dye-filled liposomes and microscopy of polymer-treated bacteria support a membrane-based mode of action. From these results there appears to be profound differences in how a polymer made from FA monomers interacts with the phospholipid bilayer compared with copolymers from segregated monomers. We conclude that a well-defined spatial relationship of the whole polymer is crucial to obtain synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides (SMAMPs): charged and non-polar moieties need to be balanced locally, for example, at the monomer level, and not just globally. We advocate the use of FA monomers for better control of biological properties. It is expected that this principle will be usefully applied to other backbones such as the polyacrylates, polystyrenes, and non-natural polyamides.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19021176?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colak, Semra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nelson, Christopher F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nüsslein, Klaus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tew, Gregory N</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrophilic modifications of an amphiphilic polynorbornene and the effects on its hemolytic and antibacterial activity.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomacromolecules</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomacromolecules</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Bacterial Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biocompatible Materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbohydrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemolysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plastics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polyethylene</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Static Electricity</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Feb 9</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">353-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Here we report the modification of an amphiphilic antibacterial polynorbornene, Poly3, via incorporation of hydrophilic, biocompatible groups. The sugar, zwitterionic, and polyethylene glycol based moieties were incorporated in varying ratios by copolymerization and postpolymerization techniques. Well-defined copolymers with molecular weights of 3 kDa and narrow polydispersity indices ranging from 1.08 to 1.15 were obtained. The effects of these modifications on the biological activity of these polymers were analyzed by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and their hemolytic activities (HC50).</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19138065?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>