<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boles, Amber R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conneely, Teresa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McKeever, Robert</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nixon, Paul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nüsslein, Klaus R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ergas, Sarina J</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Performance of a pilot-scale packed bed reactor for perchlorate reduction using a sulfur oxidizing bacterial consortium.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biotechnol Bioeng</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biotechnol. Bioeng.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioreactors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cluster Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Ribosomal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial Consortia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxidation-Reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Perchloric Acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfites</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfur</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Pollutants, Chemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Purification</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">109</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">637-46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A novel sulfur-utilizing perchlorate reducing bacterial consortium successfully treated perchlorate (ClO₄⁻) in prior batch and bench-scale packed bed reactor (PBR) studies. This study examined the scale up of this process for treatment of water from a ClO ₄⁻ and RDX contaminated aquifer in Cape Cod Massachusetts. A pilot-scale upflow PBR (∼250-L) was constructed with elemental sulfur and crushed oyster shell packing media. The reactor was inoculated with sulfur oxidizing ClO₄⁻ reducing cultures enriched from a wastewater seed. Sodium sulfite provided a good method of dissolved oxygen removal in batch cultures, but was found to promote the growth of bacteria that carry out sulfur disproportionation and sulfate reduction, which inhibited ClO₄⁻ reduction in the pilot system. After terminating sulfite addition, the PBR successfully removed 96% of the influent ClO₄⁻ in the groundwater at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 12 h (effluent ClO₄⁻ of 4.2 µg L(-1)). Simultaneous ClO₄⁻ and NO₃⁻ reduction was observed in the lower half of the reactor before reactions shifted to sulfur disproportionation and sulfate reduction. Analyses of water quality profiles were supported by molecular analysis, which showed distinct groupings of ClO₄⁻ and NO₃⁻ degrading organisms at the inlet of the PBR, while sulfur disproportionation was the primary biological process occurring in the top potion of the reactor.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22015922?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Woojin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Welch, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elkinton, Joseph S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identification of a nucleopolyhedrovirus in winter moth populations from Massachusetts.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larva</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nucleopolyhedrovirus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viral Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virus Diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter moth, Operophtera brumata, originally from Europe, has invaded eastern Massachusetts causing widespread defoliation and damage to many deciduous tree species and a variety of crop plants in the infested area. We identified O. brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) in winter moth larvae collected from field sites in Massachusetts by using PCR to amplify a 482 bp region of the baculovirus polyhedrin gene. Viral sequences were also detected in winter moth pupae that failed to emerge, suggesting that these insects may have died as a result of viral infection. This represents the first report of OpbuNPV in winter moth populations in the US.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21893065?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patel, Katir K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicencio, Alfin G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Du, Zhongfang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsirilakis, Kalliope</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, Paul S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infectious Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with elevated interleukin-8 and airway neutrophilia in children with refractory asthma.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr Infect Dis J</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asthma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia trachomatis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Ribosomal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interleukin-8</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neutrophils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York City</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiratory System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1093-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Neutrophilic asthma is thought to be less responsive than eosinophilic asthma to anti-inflammatory therapies including corticosteroids. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated in asthma, possibly by induction of interleukin (IL-8). We hypothesized that IL-8 is increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from children with asthma and C. pneumoniae.

METHODS: BAL fluid was analyzed for C. pneumoniae and IL-8 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from 2 asthma patient populations in the Bronx, NY and Massachusetts with an average age of 8 and 8.7 years old, respectively. For comparison, samples were also analyzed for C. trachomatis and Mycoplasma 16s DNA.

RESULTS: Of 18 Bronx samples analyzed, 6 (33%) were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae, 10 (56%) for C. trachomatis, and 8 (44%) for Mycoplasma 16s DNA. IL-8 from C. pneumoniae-positive samples was 3.3-fold higher compared with negative samples (P = 0.003). There was no difference between patients tested for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma. Of 84 Massachusetts samples analyzed, 42 (50%) were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae, 42 (50%) for C. trachomatis, and 13 (16%) for Mycoplasma. IL-8 concentration from C. pneumoniae-positive samples was 10.49-fold higher compared with negative samples (P = 0.0001). As in the Bronx cohort, there were no differences between patients tested for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma. Lastly, BAL neutrophilia predicted the presence of C. pneumoniae but not Mycoplasma or C. trachomatis.

CONCLUSIONS: Children with asthma who were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae demonstrated elevated concentrations of IL-8 and neutrophils in BAL fluid compared with similar patients who were positive for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma organisms, but PCR-negative for C. pneumoniae. Undiagnosed C. pneumoniae infection in children may therefore contribute to poorly controlled asthma via induction of IL-8.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21155094?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Welch, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drummond, Francis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tewari, Sunil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Averill, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Presence and prevalence of viruses in local and migratory honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Massachusetts.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl Environ Microbiol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Environ. Microbiol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beekeeping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7862-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Migratory and local bees in Massachusetts were analyzed for seven viruses. Three were detected: black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and sacbrood virus (SBV). DWV was most common, followed closely by BQCV and then by SBV. BQCV and SBV were present at significantly higher rates in the migratory bees assayed, bringing into question the impact that these bees have on the health of local bee populations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854916?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibney, Brian P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nüsslein, Klaus</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arsenic sequestration by nitrate respiring microbial communities in urban lake sediments.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chemosphere</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arsenic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Betaproteobacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodegradation, Environmental</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Ribosomal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fresh Water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geologic Sediments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxidation-Reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Urbanization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Pollutants, Chemical</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">329-36</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Changes in microbial community composition and activity were related to geochemical conditions favoring arsenic sequestration in sediments collected from the urban, arsenic-contaminated Upper Mystic Lake. After amendment with nitrate, &gt;94% total soluble arsenic is sequestered by Fe(III)-(oxy)hydroxides generated in live sediments. Of this sequestered arsenic, &gt;75% existed as As(III), indicating As redox state alone is not responsible for changes in mobility. Arsenic sequestration was concurrent with the microbial respiration of nitrate as indicated by steady state hydrogen concentration and the presence of organisms similar to nitrate-reducing, iron-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the genus Dechloromonas in 16S rDNA clone libraries.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17935754?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nevin, Kelly P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmes, Dawn E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodard, Trevor L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hinlein, Erich S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ostendorf, David W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovley, Derek R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov., two novel Fe(III)-reducing subsurface isolates.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int J Syst Evol Microbiol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacterial Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacterial Typing Techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cold Temperature</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Ribosomal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferric Compounds</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fresh Water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genes, rRNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geobacter</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geologic Sediments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Minnesota</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxidation-Reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Supply</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1667-74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fe(III)-reducing isolates were recovered from two aquifers in which Fe(III) reduction is known to be important. Strain Bem(T) was enriched from subsurface sediments collected in Bemidji, MN, USA, near a site where Fe(III) reduction is important in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Strains P11, P35(T) and P39 were isolated from the groundwater of an aquifer in Plymouth, MA, USA, in which Fe(III) reduction is important because of long-term inputs of acetate as a highway de-icing agent to the subsurface. All four isolates were Gram-negative, slightly curved rods that grew best in freshwater media. Strains P11, P35(T) and P39 exhibited motility via means of monotrichous flagella. Analysis of the 16S rRNA and nifD genes indicated that all four strains are delta-proteobacteria and members of the Geobacter cluster of the Geobacteraceae. Differences in phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics indicated that the four isolates represent two novel species within the genus Geobacter. All of the isolates coupled the oxidation of acetate to the reduction of Fe(III) [iron(III) citrate, amorphous iron(III) oxide, iron(III) pyrophosphate and iron(III) nitrilotriacetate]. All four strains utilized ethanol, lactate, malate, pyruvate and succinate as electron donors and malate and fumarate as electron acceptors. Strain Bem(T) grew fastest at 30 degrees C, whereas strains P11, P35(T) and P39 grew equally well at 17, 22 and 30 degrees C. In addition, strains P11, P35(T) and P39 were capable of growth at 4 degrees C. The names Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. (type strain Bem(T)=ATCC BAA-1014(T)=DSM 16622(T)=JCM 12645(T)) and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov. (strains P11, P35(T) and P39; type strain P35(T)=ATCC BAA-1013(T)=DSM 16674(T)=JCM 12644(T)) are proposed.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pt 4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16014499?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rothermich, M M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guerrero, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lenz, R W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goodwin, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization, seasonal occurrence, and diel fluctuation of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) in photosynthetic microbial mats.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl Environ Microbiol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Environ. Microbiol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alkanes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biofilms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydroxybutyrates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Photosynthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seasons</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valerates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water Microbiology</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000 Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">66</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4279-91</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In situ poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) levels and repeating-unit compositions were examined in stratified photosynthetic microbial mats from Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh, Mass., and Ebro Delta, Spain. Unlike what has been observed in pure cultures of phototrophic bacteria, the prevalence of hydroxyvalerate (HV) repeating units relative to hydroxybutyrate (HB) repeating units was striking. In the cyanobacteria-dominated green material of Sippewissett mats, the mole percent ratio of repeating units was generally 1HB:1HV. In the purple sulfur bacteria-dominated pink material the relationship was typically 1HB:2HV. In Sippewissett mats, PHA contributed about 0.5 to 1% of the organic carbon in the green layer and up to 6% in the pink layer. In Ebro Delta mats, PHA of approximately 1HB:2HV-repeating-unit distribution contributed about 2% of the organic carbon of the composite photosynthetic layers (the green and pink layers were not separated). Great Sippewissett Salt Marsh mats were utilized for more extensive investigation of seasonal, diel, and exogenous carbon effects. When the total PHA content was normalized to organic carbon, there was little seasonal variation in PHA levels. However, routine daily variation was evident at all sites and seasons. In every case, PHA levels increased during the night and decreased during the day. This phenomenon was conspicuous in the pink layer, where PHA levels doubled overnight. The daytime declines could be inhibited by artificial shading. Addition of exogenous acetate, lactate, and propionate induced two- to fivefold increases in the total PHA levels when applied in the daylight but had no effect when applied at night. The distinct diel pattern of in situ PHA accumulation at night appears to be related, in some phototrophs, to routine dark energy metabolism and is not influenced by the availability of organic nutrients.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11010871?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>