<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siegrist, M Sloan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertozzi, Carolyn R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycobacterial lipid logic.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Host Microbe</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Host Microbe</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immune Evasion</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrophages</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Membrane Lipids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycobacterium</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014 Jan 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1-2</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;During infection of the lung epithelium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis must infect and survive within macrophages long enough to be transported into deeper lung tissues. Cambier et al. (2013) show that pathogenic mycobacteria use the coordinated action of two cell wall glycolipids to regulate macrophage recruitment to initial infection sites.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24439891?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Woojin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afonso, Claudio L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulman, Edan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kutish, Gerald F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lu, Zhiqiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rock, Daniel L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of the genome of the sexually transmitted insect virus Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viruses</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viruses</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amino Acid Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baculoviridae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Consensus Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Viral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open Reading Frames</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Alignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Homology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viral Proteins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28-61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The sexually transmitted insect virus Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2 (HzNV-2) was determined to have a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 231,621 bp coding for an estimated 113 open reading frames (ORFs). HzNV-2 is most closely related to the nudiviruses, a sister group of the insect baculoviruses. Several putative ORFs that share homology with the baculovirus core genes were identified in the viral genome. However, HzNV-2 lacks several key genetic features of baculoviruses including the late transcriptional regulation factor, LEF-1 and the palindromic hrs, which serve as origins of replication. The HzNV-2 genome was found to code for three ORFs that had significant sequence homology to cellular genes which are not generally found in viral genomes. These included a presumed juvenile hormone esterase gene, a gene coding for a putative zinc-dependent matrix metalloprotease, and a major facilitator superfamily protein gene; all of which are believed to play a role in the cellular proliferation and the tissue hypertrophy observed in the malformation of reproductive organs observed in HzNV-2 infected corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22355451?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patel, Katir K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, Paul S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colonization of paediatric lower respiratory tract with genital Mycoplasma species.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respirology</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respirology</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asthma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma genitalium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma hominis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiratory System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ureaplasma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ureaplasma Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ureaplasma urealyticum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1081-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recently, much attention has been given to the possible role played by pathogens that colonize neonatal or paediatric airway and their potential involvement in chronic respiratory disease. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of Mycoplasma organisms in the BAL fluid of paediatric patients suffering from a variety of chronic respiratory diseases to determine if there was any clear disease association with bacterial presence.

METHODS: We examined 319 paediatric BAL samples for the presence of M.genitalium, M.hominis, U.urealyticum, U.parvum and M.pneumoniae DNA with species-specific PCR.

RESULTS: Mycoplasma DNA was found in 32.6% (104/319) of patient samples; 10% (32/319) for M.pneumoniae, 8.8% for U.parvum, 2.8% for U.urealyticum; 4.7% for M.hominis and 9.1% for M.genitalium. There were no significant clinical and laboratory differences except serum IgE in asthmatics according to Mycoplasma colonization or not. Elevated levels of IgE were found more often in Mycoplasma DNA-negative patients than patients with bacterial DNA, 85/109 versus 24/109 respectively (P&lt;0.0001). There was no difference in the frequency of Mycoplasmas between the asthmatics and the non-asthmatics; 30.6% (69/225) versus 37.2% (35/94) for Mycoplasma 16S DNA, and 8% versus 14.9% for M.pneumoniae, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that in addition to M.pneumoniae, urogenital Mycoplasma species may colonize the airway of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. There was, however, no association between chronic asthma diagnosis and Mycoplasma colonization in this study.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722263?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patel, Katir K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicencio, Alfin G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Du, Zhongfang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsirilakis, Kalliope</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, Paul S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infectious Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with elevated interleukin-8 and airway neutrophilia in children with refractory asthma.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr Infect Dis J</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asthma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia trachomatis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Ribosomal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interleukin-8</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neutrophils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York City</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiratory System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1093-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Neutrophilic asthma is thought to be less responsive than eosinophilic asthma to anti-inflammatory therapies including corticosteroids. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated in asthma, possibly by induction of interleukin (IL-8). We hypothesized that IL-8 is increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from children with asthma and C. pneumoniae.

METHODS: BAL fluid was analyzed for C. pneumoniae and IL-8 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from 2 asthma patient populations in the Bronx, NY and Massachusetts with an average age of 8 and 8.7 years old, respectively. For comparison, samples were also analyzed for C. trachomatis and Mycoplasma 16s DNA.

RESULTS: Of 18 Bronx samples analyzed, 6 (33%) were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae, 10 (56%) for C. trachomatis, and 8 (44%) for Mycoplasma 16s DNA. IL-8 from C. pneumoniae-positive samples was 3.3-fold higher compared with negative samples (P = 0.003). There was no difference between patients tested for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma. Of 84 Massachusetts samples analyzed, 42 (50%) were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae, 42 (50%) for C. trachomatis, and 13 (16%) for Mycoplasma. IL-8 concentration from C. pneumoniae-positive samples was 10.49-fold higher compared with negative samples (P = 0.0001). As in the Bronx cohort, there were no differences between patients tested for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma. Lastly, BAL neutrophilia predicted the presence of C. pneumoniae but not Mycoplasma or C. trachomatis.

CONCLUSIONS: Children with asthma who were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae demonstrated elevated concentrations of IL-8 and neutrophils in BAL fluid compared with similar patients who were positive for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma organisms, but PCR-negative for C. pneumoniae. Undiagnosed C. pneumoniae infection in children may therefore contribute to poorly controlled asthma via induction of IL-8.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21155094?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, W C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tilahun, Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lay, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patel, K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart, E S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrzejewski, C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, P S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae in paediatric respiratory infections.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eur Respir J</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eur. Respir. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bronchoscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia trachomatis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopy, Fluorescence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prospective Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiratory Tract Infections</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">360-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An emerging body of evidence suggests that half of asthma in both children and adults is associated with chronic lung infection. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) and C. trachomatis (Ct) in the respiratory tracts of paediatric patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples obtained from 182 children undergoing bronchoscopy for clinical reasons were assayed using PCR analysis, in vitro tissue culture and immunofluorescence staining for the presence of Cp and Ct. Chlamydia-specific DNA was detected by PCR in 124 (68%) out of 182 patients; 79 were positive for Cp, 77 positive for Ct and 32 for both organisms; 75 patients had cultivable Chlamydia. Ct DNA prevalence decreased, whereas Cp positivity generally increased with age. A total of 59 out of 128 asthma patients and 16 out of 54 nonasthmatics were Chlamydia culture positive. When the patients were divided into inflammatory versus noninflammatory airway disease, there were 69 (46%) out of 150 and six (18%) out of 32 BALF samples with cultivable Chlamydia, respectively. Viable Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis occur frequently in children with chronic respiratory diseases and may be more prevalent in asthma patients. To the current authors' knowledge, this is the first report of viable Chlamydia trachomatis in the lungs of children.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19010996?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cirino, Frances</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">West, Corrie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Croteau, Nancy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrzejewski, Chester</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart, Elizabeth S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Chlamydia in the peripheral blood cells of normal donors using in vitro culture, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Infect Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Infect. Dis.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood Donors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flow Cytometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leukocytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopy, Fluorescence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) are medically significant infectious agents associated with various chronic human pathologies. Nevertheless, specific roles in disease progression or initiation are incompletely defined. Both pathogens infect established cell lines in vitro and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has detected Chlamydia DNA in various clinical specimens as well as in normal donor peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). However, Chlamydia infection of other blood cell types, quantification of Chlamydia infected cells in peripheral blood and transmission of this infection in vitro have not been examined.

METHODS: Cp specific titers were assessed for sera from 459 normal human donor blood (NBD) samples. Isolated white blood cells (WBC) were assayed by in vitro culture to evaluate infection transmission of blood cell borne chlamydiae. Smears of fresh blood samples (FB) were dual immunostained for microscopic identification of Chlamydia-infected cell types and aliquots also assessed using Flow Cytometry (FC).

RESULTS: ELISA demonstrated that 219 (47.7%) of the NBD samples exhibit elevated anti-Cp antibody titers. Imunofluorescence microscopy of smears demonstrated 113 (24.6%) of samples contained intracellular Chlamydia and monoclonals to specific CD markers showed that in vivo infection of neutrophil and eosinophil/basophil cells as well as monocytes occurs. In vitro culture established WBCs of 114 (24.8%) of the NBD samples harbored infectious chlamydiae, clinically a potentially source of transmission, FC demonstrated both Chlamydia infected and uninfected cells can be readily identified and quantified.

CONCLUSION: NBD can harbor infected neutrophils, eosinophil/basophils and monocytes. The chlamydiae are infectious in vitro, and both total, and cell type specific Chlamydia carriage is quantifiable by FC.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472397?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, Paul S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrzejewski, Chester</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cirino, Frances</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">West, Corrie A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tilahun, Yaphet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart, Elizabeth S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The bronchial lavage of pediatric patients with asthma contains infectious Chlamydia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asthma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin E</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tissue Culture Techniques</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 May 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1083-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There has been a worldwide increase in the incidence of asthma, and the disease has greatly impacted the public health care system. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been reported as a possible contributing factor in asthma. The organism has been detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bronchial tissue, but there has been no direct evidence of viability. To determine the frequency of viable Chlamydia in children, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were collected from 70 pediatric patients undergoing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Forty-two of these patients had asthma, whereas the remaining patients had various respiratory disorders. Fifty-four percent (38) of the bronchoalveolar lavage samples were PCR-positive for Chlamydia, and 31% (22) of the PCR-positive samples were positive when cultured on macrophages. Twenty-eight samples (40%) and 14 samples (20%) of the PCR- and culture-positive samples, respectively, were from patients with asthma. Culture of the blood samples revealed that 24 (34.3%) of 70 were positive for Chlamydia compared with 8 (11%) of 70 matched nonrespiratory control subjects (p &lt; 0.01); 17 (24%) of the positive blood cultures from the respiratory group were from patients with asthma. Elevation of total IgE was strongly associated with lavage culture positivity for Chlamydia. We therefore conclude that viable Chlamydia pneumoniae organisms are frequently present in the lung lavage fluid from this cohort of predominantly asthmatic pediatric patients.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15735056?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tan, Weijia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Woojin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nojima, Satoshi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roelofs, Wendell</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infection with the insect virus Hz-2v alters mating behavior and pheromone production in female Helicoverpa zea moths.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Insect Sci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Insect Sci.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pheromones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual Behavior, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocalization, Animal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of Hz-2V virus infection on the reproductive physiology and behavior of infected Helicoverpa zea female moths was examined. In the absence of males, infected females exhibited calling behavior and called as often but for shorter periods on average than control females. As expected, control females mated with males for extend periods when they were present and did not call after mating, while virus-infected females made many frequent contacts with males and continued to call even after these contacts. Virus-infected females were found to produce five to seven times more pheromone than control females and attracted twice as many males as did control females in flight tunnel experiments. The ability of Hz-2V to alter the physiology and behavior of infected females observed here may serve to facilitate the transmission of virus in insect populations.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16299596?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rallis, Christopher P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tan, Weijia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horizontal transmission of Hz-2V by virus infected Helicoverpa zea moths.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdomen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Entomology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genitalia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Vectors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual Behavior, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tissue Distribution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helicoverpa zea female moths productively infected with Hz-2V have malformed reproductive tissues and are sterile. Virus replication in infected females occurs primarily in the reproductive tissues and culminates with the accumulation of virus-filled vesicles, which form plugs of virus covering the reproductive openings of these insects. The location of this large concentration of virus particles at the terminal abdominal segment of infected females suggests that it may serve as a source of virus that can be transmitted horizontally between moths during mating. In mating experiments it was found that healthy males are attracted to and attempt to mate with infected females, and that these males are able transmit Hz-2V to healthy females during subsequent matings, giving rise to virus infected progeny.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15050843?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rallis, Christopher P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vivo dose-response of insects to Hz-2V infection.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virol J</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virol. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virus Diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Hz-2V infection of female Helicoverpa zea moths is manifested as insects that are either sterile &quot;agonadal&quot; individuals with malformed reproductive tissues or fertile asymptomatic carriers which are capable of transmitting virus on to their progeny. Virus infected progeny arising from eggs laid by asymptomatic carrier females may themselves be either sterile agonadals or asymptomatic carriers.

RESULTS: By injecting virus into female moths, a correlation was established between virus doses administered to the females and the levels of resulting asymptomatic and sterile progeny.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of these experiments indicate that high virus doses produced a higher level of agonadal progeny and lower doses produced higher levels of asymptomatic carriers.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15613241?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tumwine, James K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kekitiinwa, Addy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nabukeera, Nicolette</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akiyoshi, Donna E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rich, Stephen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widmer, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng, Xiaochuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzipori, Saul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidium parvum in children with diarrhea in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Trop Med Hyg</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Case-Control Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-Sectional Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidiosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidium parvum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diarrhea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diarrhea, Infantile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Protozoan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hospitalization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutrition Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uganda</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">710-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A cross-sectional case-control study (ratio = 3:1) was conducted over a 15-month period to determine the prevalence and consequences of cryptosporidiosis in hospitalized diarrheic children (0-5 years old) at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected and genotyped among 2,446 children of whom 1,779 (72.7%) had diarrhea, and 667 (27.3%) were age- and sex-matched controls. Of the 1,779 children with diarrhea, 532 (29.9%) had persistent (&gt; 14 days) diarrhea and 1,247 (70.1%) had acute diarrhea. Overall, 444 (25.0%) of the 1,779 children with diarrhea had C. parvum, compared with only 57 (8.5%) of the 667 children without diarrhea (chi2 = 80.2, P &lt; or = 0.0001). Within this group of infected children, 72.8% were infected with genotype 1, 18.4% with genotype 2, and 4.1% with a mixture of both genotypes, and 4.1% isolates were either unclassified or C. meleagridis. The prevalence was highest during the rainy months of April to June. Of the 532 children with persistent diarrhea, 166 (31.2%) had C. parvum compared with 278 (22.3%) of the 1,247 children with acute diarrhea (chi2 = 15.8, P &lt; or = 0.0001). There was a significant association between C. parvum and malnutrition including stunting, being underweight, and wasting. Unfavorable outcome (death or failure to resolve within 14 days) occurred in 139 (72.8%) of the 191 children with C. parvum, and in only 65.1% of the 545 without (odds ratio = 1.117, 95% confidence interval = 1.005-1.243, P = 0.05), Of the 191 children with C. parvum, 24 (12.6%) died, compared with 34 (6.2%) of the 545 without C. parvum (P = 0.005). Mortality rates were higher among children with severe dehydration and persistent diarrhea, and in stunted or underweight children infected with C. parvum. Among Ugandan children, cryptosporidiosis, which remains untreatable, is frequently associated with diarrhea and other serious and unfavorable consequences.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12887032?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng, Xiaochuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rich, Stephen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzipori, Saul</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widmer, Giovanni</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Experimental evidence for genetic recombination in the opportunistic pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mol Biochem Parasitol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conserved Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crosses, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidiosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidium parvum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Knockout</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microsatellite Repeats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Opportunistic Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Recombination, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival Rate</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">119</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55-62</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidium parvum is an intracellular protozoan parasite causing intestinal malabsorption and diarrhea in humans. The infection is usually self-limiting, although persistent cryptosporidosis is observed in immunocompromised and malnourished individuals. As with other Apicomplexa, the life cycle of Cryptosporidium is thought to comprise a sexual phase, during which a motile microgamont fuses with a sessile macrogamont. The four sporozoites found within each oocyst (the infectious form excreted in the feces) are thought to be the product of a meiotic division taking place immediately following fertilization, but the existence of a meiotic cycle in this genus has not been tested experimentally. To substantiate the occurrence of meiotic recombination in this species, we performed a genetic cross between two distinct isolates of C. parvum co-infected in INF-gamma knockout mice. We found that mixed infections produced recombinant progeny characterized by multilocus genotypes comprising alleles inherited from each parental line. This observation represents the first demonstration of sexual recombination in this pathogen. Together with the occurrence of genetically heterogeneous infections, this finding suggests that outcrossing between genotypes may occur in nature. Experimental crosses among Cryptosporidium populations will facilitate mapping of clinically relevant genes, the delineation of Cryptosporidium species, and defining the taxonomical status of C. parvum subtypes and host-specific genotypes.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11755186?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukherjee, Jean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chios, Kerry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fishwild, Dianne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hudson, Deborah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Donnell, Susan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rich, Stephen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Donohue-Rolfe, Arthur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzipori, Saul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human Stx2-specific monoclonal antibodies prevent systemic complications of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect Immun</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect. Immun.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Monoclonal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibody Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Models, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escherichia coli O157</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germ-Free Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HeLa Cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunization, Passive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin G</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin Isotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neutralization Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiga Toxin 2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">612-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious complication predominantly associated with infection by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), such as E. coli O157:H7. EHEC can produce Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and/or Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), both of which are exotoxins comprised of active (A) and binding (B) subunits. In piglets and mice, Stx can induce fatal neurological symptoms. Polyclonal Stx2 antiserum can prevent these effects in piglets infected with the Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 strain 86-24. Human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) against Stx2 were developed as potential passive immunotherapeutic reagents for the prevention and/or treatment of HUS. Transgenic mice bearing unrearranged human immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and kappa light chain loci (HuMAb___Mouse) were immunized with formalin-inactivated Stx2. Thirty-seven stable hybridomas secreting Stx2-specific HuMAbs were isolated: 33 IgG1kappa A-subunit-specific and 3 IgG1kappa and 1 IgG3kappa B-subunit-specific antibodies. Six IgG1kappa A-subunit-specific (1G3, 2F10, 3E9, 4H9, 5A4, and 5C12) and two IgG1kappa B-subunit-specific (5H8 and 6G3) HuMAbs demonstrated neutralization of &gt; 95% activity of 1 ng of Stx2 in the presence of 0.04 microg of HuMAb in vitro and significant prolongation of survival of mice given 50 microg of HuMAb intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 25 ng of Stx2 intravenously. When administered i.p. to gnotobiotic piglets 6 or 12 h after infection with E. coli O157:H7 strain 86-24, HuMAbs 2F10, 3E9, 5H8, and 5C12 prolonged survival and prevented development of fatal neurological signs and cerebral lesions. The Stx2-neutralizing ability of these HuMAbs could potentially be used clinically to passively protect against HUS development in individuals infected with Stx-producing bacteria, including E. coli O157:H7.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11796590?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Okhuysen, Pablo C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rich, Stephen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chappell, Cynthia L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grimes, Kevin A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widmer, Giovanni</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng, Xiaochuan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzipori, Saul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infectivity of a Cryptosporidium parvum isolate of cervine origin for healthy adults and interferon-gamma knockout mice.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Infect Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Infect. Dis.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidiosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidium parvum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diarrhea</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Susceptibility</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interferon-gamma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Knockout</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 May 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">185</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1320-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The infectivity of a Cryptosporidium parvum isolate of cervine origin (type 2, Moredun) propagated in calves was investigated simultaneously in healthy adult human volunteers and in interferon-gamma knockout (GKO) mice. After exposure to 100-3000 oocysts, 16 volunteers recorded, for a duration of 6 weeks, the number and form of stools that they passed and any symptoms that they experienced. Oocyst excretion was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and direct immunofluorescence assay. Eleven subjects (69%) became ill, and 8 subjects (50%) shed oocysts in stool. The median duration of illness was 169 h, and the median number of unformed stools passed was 24. The duration and intensity of symptoms were more severe than were those associated with previously studied isolates. The median infectious dose was estimated to be 300 oocysts for humans and 1 oocyst for the GKO mouse model. The Moredun isolate was more pathogenic than the reference GCH-1 isolate. The GKO mouse model of cryptosporidiosis is useful for discerning isolate-specific differences in pathogenicity.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12001050?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rallis, Christopher P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathology and ultrastructure of Hz-2V infection in the agonadal female corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopy, Electron</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virus Diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pathology and ultrastructure of the reproductive tract of Hz-2V-infected female corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea, were studied. The identity of malformed reproductive tissues found in virus-infected moths was determined by examining these tissues in moths that were infected with the virus at different life stages. Malformation of reproductive tissues in the progeny of virus-infected female moths was first observed by 3 days post-pupation (dpp), indicating that virus replication had altered the differentiation of these tissues very early on in their development. The ultrastructure of the grossly malformed agonadal reproductive tissues from insects aged 3-10dpp revealed the absence of the cuticular lining found in the oviducts of normal moths, and the proliferation of epithelial cells in these infected oviduct tissues. In addition, large quantities of virus were found aggregated into a large mass in the lumen of the malformed cervix bursa of 10dpp agonadal female pharate adult moths. Prior to eclosion, the virus in the cervix bursa was observed separated into spherical masses, which are thought to exude through the ductus bursa and collect over the vulva, forming a viral &quot;waxy plug&quot; that is likely to play an important role in virus transmission.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12417211?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rallis, Christopher P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathology and ultrastructure of the insect virus, Hz-2V, infecting agonadal male corn earworms, Helicoverpa zea.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Testis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virus Diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pathology of the reproductive tract of Hz-2V-infected agonadal male corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea, was studied. The examination of the reproductive tissues of adult agonadal males infected with Hz-2V during different lifestages allowed us to positively correlate the grossly malformed tissues of typical agonadal male moths to the corresponding normal tissues in uninfected males. The reproductive tissues responsible for producing sperm, a pheromonostatic peptide (PSP), and the spermatophore in normal male moths were absent or grossly malformed in the agonadal male moths. Hz-2V was observed replicating in one area of these malformed reproductive tissues in pharate adult males as early as 7 days post-pupation. Interestingly, reproductive tissues essential for initiation of copulation and transfer of reproductive fluids into a female moth during mating appear to be intact and may be functional. These data suggest that agonadal adult males are able to mate with healthy female moths and transfer Hz-2V particles, without fertilizing female moths or altering their sexual receptivity to further mating with other male moths.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12383433?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukherjee, Jean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chios, Kerry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fishwild, Dianne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hudson, Deborah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Donnell, Susan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rich, Stephen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Donohue-Rolfe, Arthur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzipori, Saul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Production and characterization of protective human antibodies against Shiga toxin 1.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect Immun</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect. Immun.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Monoclonal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escherichia coli</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HeLa Cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hybridomas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunization, Passive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin G</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin M</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neutralization Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiga Toxin 1</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5896-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious complication which is predominantly associated in children with infection by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). By using HuMAb-Mouse (Medarex) animals, human monoclonal antibodies (Hu-MAbs) were developed against Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) for passive immunotherapy of HUS. Ten stable hybridomas comprised of fully human heavy- and light-chain immunoglobulin elements and secreting Stx1-specific Hu-MAbs (seven immunoglobulin M(kappa)() [IgM(kappa)] elements [one specific for the A subunit and six specific for the B subunit] and three IgG1(kappa) elements specific for subunit B) were isolated. Two IgM(kappa) Hu-MAbs (2D9 and 15G9) and three IgG1(kappa) Hu-MAbs (5A4, 10F4, and 15G2), all specific for subunit B, demonstrated marked neutralization of Stx1 in vitro and significant prolongation of survival in a murine model of Stx1 toxicosis.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228326?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lafond, R E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Giammalvo, J T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Norkin, L C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relationship between expression of epidermal growth factor and simian virus 40 T antigen in a line of transgenic mice.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transgenic Res</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transgenic Res.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adenocarcinoma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antigens, Viral, Tumor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choroid Plexus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cricetinae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidermal Growth Factor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kidney</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kidney Tubules, Distal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Transgenic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proto-Oncogene Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simian virus 40</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submandibular Gland</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Submandibular Gland Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wnt Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wnt1 Protein</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zebrafish Proteins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995 Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">306-14</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pattern of expression of the simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen gene and resultant dysplasia were re-examined in a line of transgenic mice in which the T antigen gene was under the control of the SV40 early promoter. We found that T antigen expression in the kidney, and resulting dysplastic lesions, occurred exclusively in the distal convoluted tubules and the ascending limbs of Henle. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression in the kidney of normal mice was similarly immunolocalized. The correlation between high EGF immunoreactivity in normal mouse tissues and T antigen expression in the transgenic counterpart was also seen in the choroid plexus epithelium and in the submandibular glands of male mice. T antigen was not found in the submandibular gland of transgenic females. Similarly, EGF was only rarely detected in the normal female submandibular gland. In contrast to the correlation between T antigen expression in the transgenic mice and EGF expression in the corresponding tissues of the normal mice, within the dysplastic lesions of the transgenic mice EGF expression was severely diminished. Adenocarcinomas of the male submandibular gland from another line of transgenic mice that expresses the Int-1 transgene, showed similarly reduced levels of immunostaining for EGF. Thus, reduced expression of EGF might be a general feature of dysplasia and tumorigenesis in those tissues that normally express EGF.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8589733?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horwitz, C A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henle, W</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Henle, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polesky, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wexler, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ward, P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The specificity of heterophil antibodies in patients and healthy donors with no or minimal signs of infectious mononucleosis.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agglutinins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Heterophile</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antigens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aspartate Aminotransferases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capsid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gamma-Glutamyltransferase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herpesvirus 4, Human</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infectious Mononucleosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serologic Tests</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1976</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1976 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">91-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Over several years sera were collected from 14 heterophil-positive students or patients who did not fulfill minimal hematologic criteria for infectious mononucleosis (I.M.) The specificity of these heterophil reactions for I.M. was investigated by determining antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus-determined antigens, i.e., to viral capsid antigens (VCA), early antigens (EA), and EBV-associated nuclear antigens (EBNA). On the basis of detectable anti-EA and/or the early absence and late emergence of anti-EBNA, four of these 14 individuals showed evidence of a current or very recent primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. The other ten patients showed antibody patterns indicative of Epstein-Barr virus infections in the past, and no firm conclusions could be drawn with regard to the specificity of their heterophil reactions. It was assumed, however, that some represented atypical clinical forms of EBV infection and that timing of specimen collection was a factor in explaining the paucity of Downey cells. In three patients, the absorbed heterophil-positive reactions persisted with little change in titer for at least 22 mo and thus might represent false-positive tests.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1126?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ali, S S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elliott, W H</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bile acids. XLVII. 12alpha-Hydroxylation of precursors of allo bile acids by rabbit liver microsomes.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biochim Biophys Acta</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biochim. Biophys. Acta</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bile Acids and Salts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microsomes, Liver</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mixed Function Oxygenases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NADP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxidation-Reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rabbits</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sex Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975 Nov 21</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">409</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">249-57</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Rabbit liver microsomal preparations fortified with 0.1 mM NADPH effectively promote hydroxylation of [3beta-3H]- or [24-14C]allochenodeoxycholic acid or [5alpha,6alpha-3H2]5alpha-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol to their respective 12alpha-hydroxyl derivatives in yields of about 25 or 65% in 60 min. Minor amounts of other products are formed from the diol. The requirements for activity of rabbit liver microsomal 12alpha-hydroxylase resemble those of rat liver microsomes. Of a number of enzyme inhibitors studied only p-chloromercuribenzoate demonstrated a marked ability to inhibit the reaction with either tritiated substrate. There was no difference in the quantity of product produced from the tritiated acid or the 14C-labeled acid. No clear sex difference was found in activity of the enzyme, nor was an appreciable difference noted in activity of the enzyme between mature and immature animals.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/65?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kröger, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Donner, I</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Skiello, G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Influence of a new virostatic compound on the induction of enzymes in rat liver.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arzneimittelforschung</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arzneimittelforschung</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adrenalectomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antiviral Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cortisone</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Culture Techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enzyme Induction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Imidazoles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Liver</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Piperazines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tryptophan Oxygenase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tyrosine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tyrosine Transaminase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975 Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1426-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The virostatic compound N,N-diethyl-4-[2-(2-oxo-3-tetradecyl-1-imidazolidinyl)-ethyl]-1-piperazinecarboxamide-hydrochloride (5531) was analyzed as to its effect on the induction of tryptophan-pyrrolase and tyrosineaminotransferase in rat liver. 1. The basic activity of the enzymes was not influenced by the substance either in normal or in adrenalectomized animals. 2. The induction of the enzymes by cortisone increased in the presence of the compound whereas the substrate induction remained unchanged. 3. The induction of tyrosine-aminotransferase by dexamethasonephosphate in tissue culture is inhibited if the dose of compound 5531 is higher than 5 mug/ml.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maneksha, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harry, T V</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lorazepam in sexual disorders.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Br J Clin Pract</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Br J Clin Pract</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Anxiety Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anxiety</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical Trials as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lorazepam</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Placebos</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Psychotherapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975 Jul</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anderson, T R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slotkin, T A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maturation of the adrenal medulla--IV. Effects of morphine.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biochem Pharmacol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biochem. Pharmacol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adrenal Medulla</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Body Weight</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catecholamines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epinephrine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In Vitro Techniques</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maternal-Fetal Exchange</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metaraminol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morphine Dependence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975 Aug 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1469-74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bechtel, J E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McNamara, J R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relaxation as a factor in semantic desensitization.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Consult Clin Psychol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Consult Clin Psychol</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Behavior Therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desensitization, Psychologic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Follow-Up Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phobic Disorders</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Relaxation Therapy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Semantics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">925</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/428?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scherberger, R R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kaess, H</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brückner, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">[Studies on the action of an anticholinergic agent in combination with a tranquilizer on gastric juice secretion in man].</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arzneimittelforschung</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arzneimittelforschung</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atropine Derivatives</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinical Trials as Topic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depression, Chemical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Combinations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gastric Juice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ipratropium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxazepam</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pentagastrin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1975 Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1460-3</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ger</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A double-blind study with intra-individual comparisons was carried out to investigate the effects of 15 mg of (8r)-3alpha-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1alphaH-tropanium bromide(+/-)-tropate (Sch 1000), 15 mg Sch 1000 + 10 mg oxazepam, 10 mg oxazepam and placebo with oral administration in randomized sequence on gastric juice volume, amount of acid, concentration and pH values in 12 healthy volunteers. The secretion parameters were measured during a 1-h basal period and a 2-h stimulation period. The gastric juice was obtained in 15 min portions via stomach tube. Stimulation was effected by 1 mug/kg/h pentagastrin via drip infusion. The Friedman test was used for the comparative statistical evaluation, and individual comparisons were carried out by means of the Wilcoxon test (pair-differences rank). The results show that Sch 1000 and Sch 1000 + oxazepam were equal in effect on basal and stimulated secretion volume. As compared with placebo, it was not possible to establish an effect on secretion volume for oxazepam alone. Sch 1000 and Sch 1000 + oxazepam were found to be equipotent in reducing the amount of basal acid, while oxazepam reduced this quantity only during the first 30 min of basal secretion. None of the three active preparations was capable of inhibiting the stimulated acid, although both Sch 1000 preparations produced a clear trend towards lowered mean values. During the basal secretion period, all three test preparations had an inhibiting action on acid concentration, but none of them had a significant effect during the stimulation period. The pH value was savely increased only by Sch 1000 and Sch 1000 + oxazepam, and this even only during the basal period. The results are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>