<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mukherjee, Jean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chios, Kerry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fishwild, Dianne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hudson, Deborah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Donnell, Susan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rich, Stephen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Donohue-Rolfe, Arthur</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzipori, Saul</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human Stx2-specific monoclonal antibodies prevent systemic complications of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect Immun</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infect. Immun.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibodies, Monoclonal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antibody Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Disease Models, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escherichia coli O157</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germ-Free Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HeLa Cells</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunization, Passive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin G</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin Isotypes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neutralization Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shiga Toxin 2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">70</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">612-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a serious complication predominantly associated with infection by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), such as E. coli O157:H7. EHEC can produce Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) and/or Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), both of which are exotoxins comprised of active (A) and binding (B) subunits. In piglets and mice, Stx can induce fatal neurological symptoms. Polyclonal Stx2 antiserum can prevent these effects in piglets infected with the Stx2-producing E. coli O157:H7 strain 86-24. Human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) against Stx2 were developed as potential passive immunotherapeutic reagents for the prevention and/or treatment of HUS. Transgenic mice bearing unrearranged human immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and kappa light chain loci (HuMAb___Mouse) were immunized with formalin-inactivated Stx2. Thirty-seven stable hybridomas secreting Stx2-specific HuMAbs were isolated: 33 IgG1kappa A-subunit-specific and 3 IgG1kappa and 1 IgG3kappa B-subunit-specific antibodies. Six IgG1kappa A-subunit-specific (1G3, 2F10, 3E9, 4H9, 5A4, and 5C12) and two IgG1kappa B-subunit-specific (5H8 and 6G3) HuMAbs demonstrated neutralization of &gt; 95% activity of 1 ng of Stx2 in the presence of 0.04 microg of HuMAb in vitro and significant prolongation of survival of mice given 50 microg of HuMAb intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 25 ng of Stx2 intravenously. When administered i.p. to gnotobiotic piglets 6 or 12 h after infection with E. coli O157:H7 strain 86-24, HuMAbs 2F10, 3E9, 5H8, and 5C12 prolonged survival and prevented development of fatal neurological signs and cerebral lesions. The Stx2-neutralizing ability of these HuMAbs could potentially be used clinically to passively protect against HUS development in individuals infected with Stx-producing bacteria, including E. coli O157:H7.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11796590?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Widmer, G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Akiyoshi, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buckholt, M A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feng, X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rich, S M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deary, K M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bowman, C A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Y</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, X</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Buck, G A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tzipori, S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal propagation and genomic survey of a genotype 1 isolate of Cryptosporidium parvum.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mol Biochem Parasitol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidiosis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cryptosporidium parvum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Protozoan</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Germ-Free Life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mice, Knockout</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swine</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000 May</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">187-97</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human cryptosporidiosis is attributed to two major Cryptosporidium parvum genotypes of which type 1 appears to be the predominant. Most laboratory investigations however are performed using genotype 2 isolates, the only type which readily infects laboratory animals. So far type 1 has only been identified in humans and primates. A type 1 isolate, obtained from an individual with HIV and cryptosporidiosis, was successfully adapted to propagate in gnotobiotic piglets. Genotypic characterization of oocyst DNA from this isolate using multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms, a genotype-specific PCR marker, and direct sequence analysis of two polymorphic loci confirmed that this isolate, designated NEMC1, is indeed type 1. No changes in the genetic profile were identified during multiple passages in piglets. In contrast, the time period between infection and onset of fecal oocyst shedding, an indicator of adaptation, decreased with increasing number of passages. Consistent with other type 1 isolates, NEMC1 failed to infect mice. A preliminary survey of the NEMC1 genome covering approximately 2% of the genome and encompassing 200 kb of unique sequence showed an average similarity of approximately 95% between type 1 and 2 sequences. Twenty-four percent of the NEMC1 sequences were homologous to previously determined genotype 2 C. parvum sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first successful serial propagation of genotype 1 in animals, which should facilitate characterization of the unique features of this human pathogen.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10838221?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>