<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Woojin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Afonso, Claudio L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tulman, Edan R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kutish, Gerald F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lu, Zhiqiang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rock, Daniel L</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analysis of the genome of the sexually transmitted insect virus Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viruses</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viruses</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amino Acid Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baculoviridae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Evolution</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Consensus Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Viral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open Reading Frames</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Alignment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Homology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viral Proteins</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Jan</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">28-61</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The sexually transmitted insect virus Helicoverpa zea nudivirus 2 (HzNV-2) was determined to have a circular double-stranded DNA genome of 231,621 bp coding for an estimated 113 open reading frames (ORFs). HzNV-2 is most closely related to the nudiviruses, a sister group of the insect baculoviruses. Several putative ORFs that share homology with the baculovirus core genes were identified in the viral genome. However, HzNV-2 lacks several key genetic features of baculoviruses including the late transcriptional regulation factor, LEF-1 and the palindromic hrs, which serve as origins of replication. The HzNV-2 genome was found to code for three ORFs that had significant sequence homology to cellular genes which are not generally found in viral genomes. These included a presumed juvenile hormone esterase gene, a gene coding for a putative zinc-dependent matrix metalloprotease, and a major facilitator superfamily protein gene; all of which are believed to play a role in the cellular proliferation and the tissue hypertrophy observed in the malformation of reproductive organs observed in HzNV-2 infected corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22355451?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hunter, Wayne B</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNAi: Future in insect management.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012 Jul 24</style></date></pub-dates></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ENG</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA interference is a post- transcriptional, gene regulation mechanism found in virtually all plants and animals including insects. The demonstration of RNAi in insects and its successful use as a tool in the study of functional genomics opened the door to the development of a variety of novel, environmentally sound approaches for insect pest management. Here the current understanding of the biogenesis of the two RNAi classes in insects is reviewed. These are microRNAs (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Several other key approaches in RNAi -based for insect control, as well as for the prevention of diseases in insects are also reviewed. The problems and prospects for the future use of RNAi in insects are presented.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22841639?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Woojin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Welch, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Elkinton, Joseph S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Identification of a nucleopolyhedrovirus in winter moth populations from Massachusetts.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Base Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larva</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nucleopolyhedrovirus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Viral Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virus Diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Nov</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">108</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">217-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter moth, Operophtera brumata, originally from Europe, has invaded eastern Massachusetts causing widespread defoliation and damage to many deciduous tree species and a variety of crop plants in the infested area. We identified O. brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpbuNPV) in winter moth larvae collected from field sites in Massachusetts by using PCR to amplify a 482 bp region of the baculovirus polyhedrin gene. Viral sequences were also detected in winter moth pupae that failed to emerge, suggesting that these insects may have died as a result of viral infection. This represents the first report of OpbuNPV in winter moth populations in the US.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21893065?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Welch, Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drummond, Francis</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tewari, Sunil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Averill, Anne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Presence and prevalence of viruses in local and migratory honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Massachusetts.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl Environ Microbiol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Environ. Microbiol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beekeeping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bees</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7862-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Migratory and local bees in Massachusetts were analyzed for seven viruses. Three were detected: black queen cell virus (BQCV), deformed wing virus (DWV), and sacbrood virus (SBV). DWV was most common, followed closely by BQCV and then by SBV. BQCV and SBV were present at significantly higher rates in the migratory bees assayed, bringing into question the impact that these bees have on the health of local bee populations.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19854916?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia-Maruniak, Alejandra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abd-Alla, Adly M M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salem, Tamer Z</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parker, Andrew G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lietze, Verena-Ulrike</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">van Oers, Monique M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maruniak, James E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Woojin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cousserans, François</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robinson, Alan S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vlak, Just M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bergoin, Max</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boucias, Drion G</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Two viruses that cause salivary gland hypertrophy in Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica are related and form a distinct phylogenetic clade.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Gen Virol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Gen. Virol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chromosome Mapping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conserved Sequence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytomegalovirus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Viral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genes, Viral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genome, Viral</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Houseflies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hypertrophy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Open Reading Frames</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salivary Glands</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsetse Flies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virion</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">334-46</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glossina pallidipes and Musca domestica salivary gland hypertrophy viruses (GpSGHV and MdSGHV) replicate in the nucleus of salivary gland cells causing distinct tissue hypertrophy and reduction of host fertility. They share general characteristics with the non-occluded insect nudiviruses, such as being insect-pathogenic, having enveloped, rod-shaped virions, and large circular double-stranded DNA genomes. MdSGHV measures 65x550 nm and contains a 124 279 bp genome (approximately 44 mol% G+C content) that codes for 108 putative open reading frames (ORFs). GpSGHV, measuring 50x1000 nm, contains a 190 032 bp genome (28 mol% G+C content) with 160 putative ORFs. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that 37 MdSGHV ORFs have homology to 42 GpSGHV ORFs, as some MdSGHV ORFs have homology to two different GpSGHV ORFs. Nine genes with known functions (dnapol, ts, pif-1, pif-2, pif-3, mmp, p74, odv-e66 and helicase-2), a homologue of the conserved baculovirus gene Ac81 and at least 13 virion proteins are present in both SGHVs. The amino acid identity ranged from 19 to 39 % among ORFs. An (A/T/G)TAAG motif, similar to the baculovirus late promoter motif, was enriched 100 bp upstream of the ORF transcription initiation sites of both viruses. Six and seven putative microRNA sequences were found in MdSGHV and GpSGHV genomes, respectively. There was genome. Collinearity between the two SGHVs, but not between the SGHVs and the nudiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of conserved genes clustered both SGHVs in a single clade separated from the nudiviruses and baculoviruses. Although MdSGHV and GpSGHV are different viruses, their pathology, host range and genome composition indicate that they are related.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pt 2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141442?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tan, Weijia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kim, Woojin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nojima, Satoshi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roelofs, Wendell</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infection with the insect virus Hz-2v alters mating behavior and pheromone production in female Helicoverpa zea moths.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Insect Sci</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Insect Sci.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pheromones</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual Behavior, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Time Factors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vocalization, Animal</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The effect of Hz-2V virus infection on the reproductive physiology and behavior of infected Helicoverpa zea female moths was examined. In the absence of males, infected females exhibited calling behavior and called as often but for shorter periods on average than control females. As expected, control females mated with males for extend periods when they were present and did not call after mating, while virus-infected females made many frequent contacts with males and continued to call even after these contacts. Virus-infected females were found to produce five to seven times more pheromone than control females and attracted twice as many males as did control females in flight tunnel experiments. The ability of Hz-2V to alter the physiology and behavior of infected females observed here may serve to facilitate the transmission of virus in insect populations.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16299596?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rallis, Christopher P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tan, Weijia</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horizontal transmission of Hz-2V by virus infected Helicoverpa zea moths.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abdomen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Entomology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genitalia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Vectors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sexual Behavior, Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tissue Distribution</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004 Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128-31</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helicoverpa zea female moths productively infected with Hz-2V have malformed reproductive tissues and are sterile. Virus replication in infected females occurs primarily in the reproductive tissues and culminates with the accumulation of virus-filled vesicles, which form plugs of virus covering the reproductive openings of these insects. The location of this large concentration of virus particles at the terminal abdominal segment of infected females suggests that it may serve as a source of virus that can be transmitted horizontally between moths during mating. In mating experiments it was found that healthy males are attracted to and attempt to mate with infected females, and that these males are able transmit Hz-2V to healthy females during subsequent matings, giving rise to virus infected progeny.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15050843?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rallis, Christopher P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In vivo dose-response of insects to Hz-2V infection.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virol J</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virol. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ovum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virus Diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2004</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Hz-2V infection of female Helicoverpa zea moths is manifested as insects that are either sterile &quot;agonadal&quot; individuals with malformed reproductive tissues or fertile asymptomatic carriers which are capable of transmitting virus on to their progeny. Virus infected progeny arising from eggs laid by asymptomatic carrier females may themselves be either sterile agonadals or asymptomatic carriers.

RESULTS: By injecting virus into female moths, a correlation was established between virus doses administered to the females and the levels of resulting asymptomatic and sterile progeny.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of these experiments indicate that high virus doses produced a higher level of agonadal progeny and lower doses produced higher levels of asymptomatic carriers.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15613241?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rallis, Christopher P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathology and ultrastructure of Hz-2V infection in the agonadal female corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopy, Electron</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virus Diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Sep</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33-44</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pathology and ultrastructure of the reproductive tract of Hz-2V-infected female corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea, were studied. The identity of malformed reproductive tissues found in virus-infected moths was determined by examining these tissues in moths that were infected with the virus at different life stages. Malformation of reproductive tissues in the progeny of virus-infected female moths was first observed by 3 days post-pupation (dpp), indicating that virus replication had altered the differentiation of these tissues very early on in their development. The ultrastructure of the grossly malformed agonadal reproductive tissues from insects aged 3-10dpp revealed the absence of the cuticular lining found in the oviducts of normal moths, and the proliferation of epithelial cells in these infected oviduct tissues. In addition, large quantities of virus were found aggregated into a large mass in the lumen of the malformed cervix bursa of 10dpp agonadal female pharate adult moths. Prior to eclosion, the virus in the cervix bursa was observed separated into spherical masses, which are thought to exude through the ductus bursa and collect over the vulva, forming a viral &quot;waxy plug&quot; that is likely to play an important role in virus transmission.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12417211?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rallis, Christopher P</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burand, John P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathology and ultrastructure of the insect virus, Hz-2V, infecting agonadal male corn earworms, Helicoverpa zea.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Invertebr Pathol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. Invertebr. Pathol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Insect Viruses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moths</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Testis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virus Diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81-9</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pathology of the reproductive tract of Hz-2V-infected agonadal male corn earworm moths, Helicoverpa zea, was studied. The examination of the reproductive tissues of adult agonadal males infected with Hz-2V during different lifestages allowed us to positively correlate the grossly malformed tissues of typical agonadal male moths to the corresponding normal tissues in uninfected males. The reproductive tissues responsible for producing sperm, a pheromonostatic peptide (PSP), and the spermatophore in normal male moths were absent or grossly malformed in the agonadal male moths. Hz-2V was observed replicating in one area of these malformed reproductive tissues in pharate adult males as early as 7 days post-pupation. Interestingly, reproductive tissues essential for initiation of copulation and transfer of reproductive fluids into a female moth during mating appear to be intact and may be functional. These data suggest that agonadal adult males are able to mate with healthy female moths and transfer Hz-2V particles, without fertilizing female moths or altering their sexual receptivity to further mating with other male moths.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12383433?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>