<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lowy, Daniel A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tender, Leonard M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeikus, J Gregory</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Park, Doo Hyun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovley, Derek R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harvesting energy from the marine sediment-water interface II. Kinetic activity of anode materials.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosens Bioelectron</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosens Bioelectron</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrochemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy-Generating Resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ferumoxytol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geologic Sediments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kinetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oceans and Seas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seawater</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006 May 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2058-63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Here, we report a comparative study on the kinetic activity of various anodes of a recently described microbial fuel cell consisting of an anode imbedded in marine sediment and a cathode in overlying seawater. Using plain graphite anodes, it was demonstrated that a significant portion of the anodic current results from oxidation of sediment organic matter catalyzed by microorganisms colonizing the anode and capable of directly reducing the anode without added exogenous electron-transfer mediators. Here, graphite anodes incorporating microbial oxidants are evaluated in the laboratory relative to plain graphite with the goal of increasing power density by increasing current density. Anodes evaluated include graphite modified by adsorption of anthraquinone-1,6-disulfonic acid (AQDS) or 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), a graphite-ceramic composite containing Mn2+ and Ni2+, and graphite modified with a graphite paste containing Fe3O4 or Fe3O4 and Ni2+. It was found that these anodes possess between 1.5- and 2.2-fold greater kinetic activity than plain graphite. Fuel cells were deployed in a coastal site near Tuckerton, NJ (USA) that utilized two of these anodes. These fuel cells generated ca. 5-fold greater current density than a previously characterized fuel cell equipped with a plain graphite anode, and operated at the same site.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574400?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tender, Leonard M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reimers, Clare E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stecher, Hilmar A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmes, Dawn E</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bond, Daniel R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lowy, Daniel A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pilobello, Kanoelani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fertig, Stephanie J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovley, Derek R</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harnessing microbially generated power on the seafloor.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat Biotechnol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nat. Biotechnol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioelectric Energy Sources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biotechnology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation of Energy Resources</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Ribosomal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electricity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Environmental Microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geologic Sediments</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Jersey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oceans and Seas</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oregon</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxidation-Reduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfides</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002 Aug</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">821-5</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In many marine environments, a voltage gradient exists across the water sediment interface resulting from sedimentary microbial activity. Here we show that a fuel cell consisting of an anode embedded in marine sediment and a cathode in overlying seawater can use this voltage gradient to generate electrical power in situ. Fuel cells of this design generated sustained power in a boat basin carved into a salt marsh near Tuckerton, New Jersey, and in the Yaquina Bay Estuary near Newport, Oregon. Retrieval and analysis of the Tuckerton fuel cell indicates that power generation results from at least two anode reactions: oxidation of sediment sulfide (a by-product of microbial oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon) and oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon catalyzed by microorganisms colonizing the anode. These results demonstrate in real marine environments a new form of power generation that uses an immense, renewable energy reservoir (sedimentary organic carbon) and has near-immediate application.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12091916?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>