<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, Paul S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrzejewski, Chester</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cirino, Frances</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">West, Corrie A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tilahun, Yaphet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart, Elizabeth S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Notice of duplicate publication.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duplicate Publication as Topic</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007 Jan 1</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17179496?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cirino, Frances</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">West, Corrie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Croteau, Nancy L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrzejewski, Chester</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart, Elizabeth S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection of Chlamydia in the peripheral blood cells of normal donors using in vitro culture, immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry techniques.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Infect Dis</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BMC Infect. Dis.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blood Donors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flow Cytometry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leukocytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microscopy, Fluorescence</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) are medically significant infectious agents associated with various chronic human pathologies. Nevertheless, specific roles in disease progression or initiation are incompletely defined. Both pathogens infect established cell lines in vitro and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has detected Chlamydia DNA in various clinical specimens as well as in normal donor peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). However, Chlamydia infection of other blood cell types, quantification of Chlamydia infected cells in peripheral blood and transmission of this infection in vitro have not been examined.

METHODS: Cp specific titers were assessed for sera from 459 normal human donor blood (NBD) samples. Isolated white blood cells (WBC) were assayed by in vitro culture to evaluate infection transmission of blood cell borne chlamydiae. Smears of fresh blood samples (FB) were dual immunostained for microscopic identification of Chlamydia-infected cell types and aliquots also assessed using Flow Cytometry (FC).

RESULTS: ELISA demonstrated that 219 (47.7%) of the NBD samples exhibit elevated anti-Cp antibody titers. Imunofluorescence microscopy of smears demonstrated 113 (24.6%) of samples contained intracellular Chlamydia and monoclonals to specific CD markers showed that in vivo infection of neutrophil and eosinophil/basophil cells as well as monocytes occurs. In vitro culture established WBCs of 114 (24.8%) of the NBD samples harbored infectious chlamydiae, clinically a potentially source of transmission, FC demonstrated both Chlamydia infected and uninfected cells can be readily identified and quantified.

CONCLUSION: NBD can harbor infected neutrophils, eosinophil/basophils and monocytes. The chlamydiae are infectious in vitro, and both total, and cell type specific Chlamydia carriage is quantifiable by FC.</style></abstract><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16472397?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, Paul S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrzejewski, Chester</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cirino, Frances</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">West, Corrie A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tilahun, Yaphet</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stuart, Elizabeth S</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The bronchial lavage of pediatric patients with asthma contains infectious Chlamydia.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am J Respir Crit Care Med</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asthma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunoglobulin E</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tissue Culture Techniques</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005 May 15</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">171</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1083-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">There has been a worldwide increase in the incidence of asthma, and the disease has greatly impacted the public health care system. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been reported as a possible contributing factor in asthma. The organism has been detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bronchial tissue, but there has been no direct evidence of viability. To determine the frequency of viable Chlamydia in children, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage were collected from 70 pediatric patients undergoing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Forty-two of these patients had asthma, whereas the remaining patients had various respiratory disorders. Fifty-four percent (38) of the bronchoalveolar lavage samples were PCR-positive for Chlamydia, and 31% (22) of the PCR-positive samples were positive when cultured on macrophages. Twenty-eight samples (40%) and 14 samples (20%) of the PCR- and culture-positive samples, respectively, were from patients with asthma. Culture of the blood samples revealed that 24 (34.3%) of 70 were positive for Chlamydia compared with 8 (11%) of 70 matched nonrespiratory control subjects (p &lt; 0.01); 17 (24%) of the positive blood cultures from the respiratory group were from patients with asthma. Elevation of total IgE was strongly associated with lavage culture positivity for Chlamydia. We therefore conclude that viable Chlamydia pneumoniae organisms are frequently present in the lung lavage fluid from this cohort of predominantly asthmatic pediatric patients.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15735056?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>