<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patel, Katir K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, Paul S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colonization of paediatric lower respiratory tract with genital Mycoplasma species.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respirology</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respirology</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adolescent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asthma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child, Preschool</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohort Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant, Newborn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma genitalium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma hominis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiratory System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Species Specificity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ureaplasma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ureaplasma Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ureaplasma urealyticum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young Adult</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011 Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">16</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1081-7</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recently, much attention has been given to the possible role played by pathogens that colonize neonatal or paediatric airway and their potential involvement in chronic respiratory disease. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of Mycoplasma organisms in the BAL fluid of paediatric patients suffering from a variety of chronic respiratory diseases to determine if there was any clear disease association with bacterial presence.

METHODS: We examined 319 paediatric BAL samples for the presence of M.genitalium, M.hominis, U.urealyticum, U.parvum and M.pneumoniae DNA with species-specific PCR.

RESULTS: Mycoplasma DNA was found in 32.6% (104/319) of patient samples; 10% (32/319) for M.pneumoniae, 8.8% for U.parvum, 2.8% for U.urealyticum; 4.7% for M.hominis and 9.1% for M.genitalium. There were no significant clinical and laboratory differences except serum IgE in asthmatics according to Mycoplasma colonization or not. Elevated levels of IgE were found more often in Mycoplasma DNA-negative patients than patients with bacterial DNA, 85/109 versus 24/109 respectively (P&lt;0.0001). There was no difference in the frequency of Mycoplasmas between the asthmatics and the non-asthmatics; 30.6% (69/225) versus 37.2% (35/94) for Mycoplasma 16S DNA, and 8% versus 14.9% for M.pneumoniae, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that in addition to M.pneumoniae, urogenital Mycoplasma species may colonize the airway of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. There was, however, no association between chronic asthma diagnosis and Mycoplasma colonization in this study.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21722263?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patel, Katir K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vicencio, Alfin G</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Du, Zhongfang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tsirilakis, Kalliope</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salva, Paul S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webley, Wilmore C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infectious Chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with elevated interleukin-8 and airway neutrophilia in children with refractory asthma.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr Infect Dis J</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asthma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Child</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydia trachomatis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chlamydophila pneumoniae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Ribosomal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interleukin-8</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Massachusetts</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycoplasma</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neutrophils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York City</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polymerase Chain Reaction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Respiratory System</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010 Dec</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1093-8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BACKGROUND: Neutrophilic asthma is thought to be less responsive than eosinophilic asthma to anti-inflammatory therapies including corticosteroids. Chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated in asthma, possibly by induction of interleukin (IL-8). We hypothesized that IL-8 is increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from children with asthma and C. pneumoniae.

METHODS: BAL fluid was analyzed for C. pneumoniae and IL-8 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from 2 asthma patient populations in the Bronx, NY and Massachusetts with an average age of 8 and 8.7 years old, respectively. For comparison, samples were also analyzed for C. trachomatis and Mycoplasma 16s DNA.

RESULTS: Of 18 Bronx samples analyzed, 6 (33%) were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae, 10 (56%) for C. trachomatis, and 8 (44%) for Mycoplasma 16s DNA. IL-8 from C. pneumoniae-positive samples was 3.3-fold higher compared with negative samples (P = 0.003). There was no difference between patients tested for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma. Of 84 Massachusetts samples analyzed, 42 (50%) were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae, 42 (50%) for C. trachomatis, and 13 (16%) for Mycoplasma. IL-8 concentration from C. pneumoniae-positive samples was 10.49-fold higher compared with negative samples (P = 0.0001). As in the Bronx cohort, there were no differences between patients tested for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma. Lastly, BAL neutrophilia predicted the presence of C. pneumoniae but not Mycoplasma or C. trachomatis.

CONCLUSIONS: Children with asthma who were PCR-positive for C. pneumoniae demonstrated elevated concentrations of IL-8 and neutrophils in BAL fluid compared with similar patients who were positive for C. trachomatis or Mycoplasma organisms, but PCR-negative for C. pneumoniae. Undiagnosed C. pneumoniae infection in children may therefore contribute to poorly controlled asthma via induction of IL-8.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21155094?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>