<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deangelis, Kristen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Allgaier, Martin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chavarria, Yaucin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fortney, Julian L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hugenholtz, Phillip</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simmons, Blake</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sublette, Kerry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silver, Whendee L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hazen, Terry C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of trapped lignin-degrading microbes in tropical forest soil.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS One</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lignin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Microbiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trees</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e19306</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lignin is often the most difficult portion of plant biomass to degrade, with fungi generally thought to dominate during late stage decomposition. Lignin in feedstock plant material represents a barrier to more efficient plant biomass conversion and can also hinder enzymatic access to cellulose, which is critical for biofuels production. Tropical rain forest soils in Puerto Rico are characterized by frequent anoxic conditions and fluctuating redox, suggesting the presence of lignin-degrading organisms and mechanisms that are different from known fungal decomposers and oxygen-dependent enzyme activities. We explored microbial lignin-degraders by burying bio-traps containing lignin-amended and unamended biosep beads in the soil for 1, 4, 13 and 30 weeks. At each time point, phenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activity was found to be elevated in the lignin-amended versus the unamended beads, while cellulolytic enzyme activities were significantly depressed in lignin-amended beads. Quantitative PCR of bacterial communities showed more bacterial colonization in the lignin-amended compared to the unamended beads after one and four weeks, suggesting that the lignin supported increased bacterial abundance. The microbial community was analyzed by small subunit 16S ribosomal RNA genes using microarray (PhyloChip) and by high-throughput amplicon pyrosequencing based on universal primers targeting bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic communities. Community trends were significantly affected by time and the presence of lignin on the beads. Lignin-amended beads have higher relative abundances of representatives from the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria compared to unamended beads. This study suggests that in low and fluctuating redox soils, bacteria could play a role in anaerobic lignin decomposition.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21559391?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sagaram, Uma Shankar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deangelis, Kristen M</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trivedi, Pankaj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andersen, Gary L</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lu, Shi-En</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wang, Nian</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacterial diversity analysis of Huanglongbing pathogen-infected citrus, using PhyloChip arrays and 16S rRNA gene clone library sequencing.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl Environ Microbiol</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Environ. Microbiol.</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Citrus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DNA, Ribosomal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genes, rRNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microarray Analysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Sequence Data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Leaves</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhizobiaceae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009 Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1566-74</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The bacterial diversity associated with citrus leaf midribs was characterized for citrus groves that contained the Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen, which has yet to be cultivated in vitro. We employed a combination of high-density phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene microarrays and 16S rRNA gene clone library sequencing to determine the microbial community composition for symptomatic and asymptomatic citrus midribs. Our results revealed that citrus leaf midribs can support a diversity of microbes. PhyloChip analysis indicated that 47 orders of bacteria in 15 phyla were present in the citrus leaf midribs, while 20 orders in 8 phyla were observed with the cloning and sequencing method. PhyloChip arrays indicated that nine taxa were significantly more abundant in symptomatic midribs than in asymptomatic midribs. &quot;Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus&quot; was detected at a very low level in asymptomatic plants but was over 200 times more abundant in symptomatic plants. The PhyloChip analysis results were further verified by sequencing 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, which indicated the dominance of &quot;Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus&quot; in symptomatic leaves. These data implicate &quot;Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus&quot; as the pathogen responsible for HLB disease.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19151177?dopt=Abstract</style></custom1></record></records></xml>