@article {740,
	title = {Synthetic mimic of antimicrobial peptide with nonmembrane-disrupting antibacterial properties.},
	journal = {Biomacromolecules},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Nov},
	pages = {2980-3},
	abstract = {Polyguanidinium oxanorbornene ( PGON) was synthesized from norbornene monomers via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. This polymer was observed to be strongly antibacterial against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as nonhemolytic against human red blood cells. Time-kill studies indicated that this polymer is lethal and not just bacteriostatic. In sharp contrast to previously reported SMAMPs (synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides), PGON did not disrupt membranes in vesicle-dye leakage assays and microscopy experiments. The unique biological properties of PGON, in same ways similar to cell-penetrating peptides, strongly encourage the examination of other novel guanidino containing macromolecules as powerful and selective antimicrobial agents.},
	keywords = {Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Erythrocytes, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Guanidines, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Mimicry, Polymers},
	issn = {1526-4602},
	doi = {10.1021/bm800855t},
	author = {Gabriel, Gregory J and Madkour, Ahmad E and Dabkowski, Jeffrey M and Nelson, Christopher F and N{\"u}sslein, Klaus and Tew, Gregory N}
}
@article {1735,
	title = {[Spectral properties of porcine plasminogen: study of the acidic transition (author{\textquoteright}s transl)].},
	journal = {Eur J Biochem},
	volume = {63},
	year = {1976},
	month = {1976 Apr 1},
	pages = {553-62},
	abstract = {<p>The acidic transition of porcine plasminogen, prepared by affinity chromatography, was studied by non-destructive methods. These methods are based on the analysis of the behaviour of the tryptophyls under various conditions. The perturbation of the absorption and emission spectra by pH or temperature and the dynamic quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence are used to obtain information on structural changes which affect the environment of these residues. It is shown that by decreasing pH the fluorescence emission spectra are shifted toward the long wavelengths, with a broadening of the fluorescence band. The same effect can be obtained at constant pH by heating the protein solution. In order to analyze these phenomena, it is assumed that the fluorescence intensities at 355 nm and 328 nm reflect the proportion of the tryptophans which are exposed to the solvent, and buried, respectively. The plot of the ratio of the fluorescence intensities at these wavelengths versus pH or temperature leads to a titration curve showing an unmasking of tryptophans. The proportion of exposed tryptophans is measured by the dynamic fluorescence quenching technique and the data analyzed according to Lehrer. The plot of the fraction of exposed tryptophyls versus pH also shows the unmasking of these chromophores. Thermal perturbation of a solution of plaminogen at neutral pH induces a difference absorption spectrum whose amplitudes at the maxima are proportional to the number of exposed aromatic residues. The comparison with a solution of fully denatured plasminogen in 6 M guanidium chloride, where all the tryptophyls are exposed, shows that the percentage of exposure is equal to 59\%. This number is significantly higher than the percentage found by the fluorescence quenching technique (20\%), indicating that some tryptophyls are located in crevices, exposed to the solvent but not to the iodide. At acidic pH the absorption difference spectra induced by thermal perturbation are not classical, since they show an inversion and a new band between 300 nm and 305 nm. This band is mentioned in the literature as a minor band of tryptophan which appears when this chromophore is located in an asymmetric environment. On plotting the maximum amplitude of these spectra obtained at acidic pH versus temperature, we obtain a curve indicating that two types of antagonistic interactions are involved in the perturbation of the chromophores spectra. The spectrophotometric titration of plasminogen gives classical absorption difference spectra. By plotting the maximum amplitude at 292 nm versus pH, we obtain a titration curve with an apparent pK of 2.9 units. This pK is acidic which respect to the pK value of a normal carboxyl. This low value can be due to a positively charged group in the neighbourhood of a carboxyl, which interacts with one or more chromophores. When the carboxyl becomes protonated, this positively charged group is free and available to perturb the environment of some chromophores...</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Binding Sites, Guanidines, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Plasminogen, Protein Binding, Protein Conformation, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Spectrophotometry, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, Swine, Temperature},
	issn = {0014-2956},
	author = {Rodier, F}
}
