@article {1218,
	title = {Determination of polydextrose in foods by ion chromatography: collaborative study.},
	journal = {J AOAC Int},
	volume = {84},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001 Mar-Apr},
	pages = {472-8},
	abstract = {<p>Eight collaborating laboratories assayed 7 blind duplicate pairs of foods for polydextrose content. The 7 test sample pairs ranged from low (2\%) to high (95\%) levels. The following foods were prepared with polydextrose mixed into the other ingredients and then baked, cooked, or otherwise prepared: milk chocolate candy, iced tea, sugar cookie, grape jelly, soft jellied candy, and powdered drink mix. Collaborators received a polydextrose standard to develop a calibration curve. The method determined polydextrose by ion chromatography, after removal of interfering food components (high molecular weight solubles). Repeatability standard deviations (RSDr) ranged from 3.93 to 9.04\%; reproducibility standard deviations (RSDR) ranged from 4.48 to 14.06\%. The average recovery was 94\%.</p>},
	keywords = {Algorithms, Beverages, Cacao, Candy, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Food Analysis, Glucans, Indicators and Reagents, Reference Standards, Tea, Ultracentrifugation},
	issn = {1060-3271},
	author = {Craig, S A and Holden, J F and Khaled, M Y}
}
@article {590,
	title = {Isolation, characterization and gene sequence analysis of a membrane-associated 89 kDa Fe(III) reducing cytochrome c from Geobacter sulfurreducens.},
	journal = {Biochem J},
	volume = {359},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001 Oct 1},
	pages = {147-52},
	abstract = {Geobacter sulfurreducens is capable of anaerobic respiration with Fe(III) as a terminal electron acceptor via a membrane-bound Fe(III) reductase activity associated with a large molecular mass cytochrome c. This cytochrome was purified by detergent extraction of the membrane fraction, Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography, preparative electrophoresis, and MonoQ ion-exchange chromatography. Spectrophotometric analysis of the purified cytochrome reveals a c-type haem, with no evidence of haem a, haem b or sirohaem. The cytochrome has an M(r) of 89000 as determined by denaturing PAGE, and has an isoelectric point of 5.2 as determined by analytical isoelectric focusing. Dithionite-reduced cytochrome can donate electrons to Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetic acid and synthetic ferrihydrite, thus demonstrating that the cytochrome has redox and thermodynamic properties required for reduction of Fe(III). Analysis using cyclic voltammetry confirmed that the reduced cytochrome can catalytically transfer electrons to ferrihydrite, further demonstrating its ability to be an electron transport mediator in anaerobic Fe(III) respiration. Sequence analysis of a cloned chromosomal DNA fragment revealed a 2307 bp open reading frame (ferA) encoding a 768 amino acid protein corresponding to the 89 kDa cytochrome. The deduced amino acid sequence (FerA) translated from the open reading frame contained 12 putative haem-binding motifs, as well as a hydrophobic N-terminal membrane anchor sequence, a lipid-attachment site and an ATP/GTP-binding site. FerA displayed 20\% or less identity with amino acid sequences of other known cytochromes, although it does share some features with characterized polyhaem cytochromes c.},
	keywords = {Amino Acid Sequence, Bacterial Proteins, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Cloning, Molecular, Cytochrome c Group, Deltaproteobacteria, DNA Primers, Electron Transport, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Ferric Compounds, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Molecular Sequence Data, Molecular Weight, Nitrilotriacetic Acid, Oxidation-Reduction, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid},
	issn = {0264-6021},
	author = {Magnuson, T S and Isoyama, N and Hodges-Myerson, A L and Davidson, G and Maroney, M J and Geesey, G G and Lovley, D R}
}
@article {1198,
	title = {Determination of polydextrose as dietary fiber in foods.},
	journal = {J AOAC Int},
	volume = {83},
	year = {2000},
	month = {2000 Jul-Aug},
	pages = {1006-12},
	abstract = {<p>Polydextrose (Litesse) provides physiological effects consistent with dietary fiber. However, AOAC methods for measuring total dietary fiber (TDF) in foods include an ethanol precipitation step in which polydextrose and similar carbohydrates are discarded and therefore not quantitated. This study describes a method developed to quantitate polydextrose in foods. The new method includes water extraction, centrifugal ultrafiltration, multienzyme hydrolysis, and anion exchange chromatography with electrochemical detection. Six foods were prepared with 4 levels of polydextrose to test the ruggedness of the method. Internal validation demonstrated the ruggedness of the method with recoveries ranging from 83 to 104\% with an average of 95\% (n = 24) and relative standard deviation of recoveries ranging from 0.7 to 13\% with an average of 3.3\% (n = 24). The value is added to that obtained for dietary fiber content of foods using the AOAC methods, to determine the TDF content of the food.</p>},
	keywords = {Animals, Anions, Bacterial Proteins, Beverages, Cacao, Candy, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Dietary Fiber, Ethanol, Food Analysis, Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase, Glucans, Glycoside Hydrolases, Humans, Hydrolysis, Isoamylase, Tea, Ultrafiltration},
	issn = {1060-3271},
	author = {Craig, S A and Holden, J F and Khaled, M Y and Craig, S A and Holden, J F and Khaled, M Y}
}
