@article {766,
	title = {Examining landscape factors influencing relative distribution of mosquito genera and frequency of virus infection.},
	journal = {Ecohealth},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Jun},
	pages = {239-49},
	abstract = {Mosquito-borne infections cause some of the most debilitating human diseases, including yellow fever and malaria, yet we lack an understanding of how disease risk scales with human-driven habitat changes. We present an approach to study variation in mosquito distribution and concomitant viral infections on the landscape level. In a pilot study we analyzed mosquito distribution along a 10-km transect of a West African rainforest area, which included primary forest, secondary forest, plantations, and human settlements. Variation was observed in the abundance of Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, and Uranotaenia mosquitoes between the different habitat types. Screening of trapped mosquitoes from the different habitats led to the isolation of five uncharacterized viruses of the families Bunyaviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Rhabdoviridae, as well as an unclassified virus. Polymerase chain reaction screening for these five viruses in individual mosquitoes indicated a trend toward infection with specific viruses in specific mosquito genera that differed by habitat. Based on these initial analyses, we believe that further work is indicated to investigate the impact of anthropogenic landscape changes on mosquito distribution and accompanying arbovirus infection.},
	keywords = {Africa, Western, Animals, Culicidae, Ecosystem, Humans, Insect Vectors, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Population Surveillance, RNA Viruses, Trees, Tropical Climate},
	issn = {1612-9210},
	doi = {10.1007/s10393-009-0260-y},
	author = {Junglen, S and Kurth, A and Kuehl, H and Quan, P-L and Ellerbrok, H and Pauli, G and Nitsche, A and Nunn, C and Rich, S M and Lipkin, W I and Briese, T and Leendertz, F H}
}
@article {363,
	title = {Horizontal transmission of Hz-2V by virus infected Helicoverpa zea moths.},
	journal = {J Invertebr Pathol},
	volume = {85},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004 Feb},
	pages = {128-31},
	abstract = {Helicoverpa zea female moths productively infected with Hz-2V have malformed reproductive tissues and are sterile. Virus replication in infected females occurs primarily in the reproductive tissues and culminates with the accumulation of virus-filled vesicles, which form plugs of virus covering the reproductive openings of these insects. The location of this large concentration of virus particles at the terminal abdominal segment of infected females suggests that it may serve as a source of virus that can be transmitted horizontally between moths during mating. In mating experiments it was found that healthy males are attracted to and attempt to mate with infected females, and that these males are able transmit Hz-2V to healthy females during subsequent matings, giving rise to virus infected progeny.},
	keywords = {Abdomen, Animals, Entomology, Female, Genitalia, Insect Vectors, Insect Viruses, Male, Moths, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Tissue Distribution},
	issn = {0022-2011},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jip.2004.01.004},
	author = {Burand, John P and Rallis, Christopher P and Tan, Weijia}
}
