@article {1419,
	title = {Links between plant and fungal communities across a deforestation chronosequence in the Amazon rainforest.},
	journal = {ISME J},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Jul},
	pages = {1548-50},
	abstract = {<p>Understanding the interactions among microbial communities, plant communities and soil properties following deforestation could provide insights into the long-term effects of land-use change on ecosystem functions, and may help identify approaches that promote the recovery of degraded sites. We combined high-throughput sequencing of fungal rDNA and molecular barcoding of plant roots to estimate fungal and plant community composition in soil sampled across a chronosequence of deforestation. We found significant effects of land-use change on fungal community composition, which was more closely correlated to plant community composition than to changes in soil properties or geographic distance, providing evidence for strong links between above- and below-ground communities in tropical forests.</p>
},
	keywords = {Brazil, Conservation of Natural Resources, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, DNA, Fungal, DNA, Ribosomal, Ecosystem, Fungi, Phylogeny, Plant Roots, Soil Microbiology, Trees, Tropical Climate},
	issn = {1751-7370},
	doi = {10.1038/ismej.2013.253},
	author = {Mueller, Rebecca C and Paula, Fabiana S and Mirza, Babur S and Rodrigues, Jorge L M and N{\"u}sslein, Klaus and Bohannan, Brendan J M}
}
@article {1423,
	title = {Conversion of the Amazon rainforest to agriculture results in biotic homogenization of soil bacterial communities.},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {110},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Jan 15},
	pages = {988-93},
	abstract = {<p>The Amazon rainforest is the Earth\&$\#$39;s largest reservoir of plant and animal diversity, and it has been subjected to especially high rates of land use change, primarily to cattle pasture. This conversion has had a strongly negative effect on biological diversity, reducing the number of plant and animal species and homogenizing communities. We report here that microbial biodiversity also responds strongly to conversion of the Amazon rainforest, but in a manner different from plants and animals. Local taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of soil bacteria increases after conversion, but communities become more similar across space. This homogenization is driven by the loss of forest soil bacteria with restricted ranges (endemics) and results in a net loss of diversity. This study shows homogenization of microbial communities in response to human activities. Given that soil microbes represent the majority of biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems and are intimately involved in ecosystem functions, we argue that microbial biodiversity loss should be taken into account when assessing the impact of land use change in tropical forests.</p>
},
	keywords = {Agriculture, Animals, Bacteria, Biodiversity, Brazil, Cattle, Ecosystem, Humans, Phylogeny, Rain, Soil Microbiology, Trees, Tropical Climate},
	issn = {1091-6490},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1220608110},
	author = {Rodrigues, Jorge L M and Pellizari, Vivian H and Mueller, Rebecca and Baek, Kyunghwa and Jesus, Ederson da C and Paula, Fabiana S and Mirza, Babur and Hamaoui, George S and Tsai, Siu Mui and Feigl, Brigitte and Tiedje, James M and Bohannan, Brendan J M and N{\"u}sslein, Klaus}
}
@article {777,
	title = {Sequence diversity and evolution of the malaria vaccine candidate merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of Plasmodium falciparum.},
	journal = {Gene},
	volume = {304},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003 Jan 30},
	pages = {65-75},
	abstract = {The merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is a major blood-stage antigen containing highly polymorphic tripeptide repeats in the domain known as block 2 and several non-repetitive domains that are essentially dimorphic. We have analyzed sequence variation in block 2 repeats and in non-repetitive block 17, as well as other polymorphisms within the MSP-1 gene, in clinical isolates of P. falciparum. Repeat haplotypes were defined as unique combinations of repeat motifs within block 2, whereas block 17 haplotypes were defined as unique combinations of single nucleotide replacements in this domain. A new block 17 haplotype, E-TNG-L, was found in one isolate from Vietnam. MSP-1 alleles, defined as unique combinations of haplotypes in blocks 2 and 17 and other polymorphisms within the molecule, were characterized in 60 isolates from hypoendemic Brazil and 37 isolates from mesoendemic Vietnam. Extensive diversity has been created in block 2 and elsewhere in the molecule, while maintaining significant linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms across the non-telomeric MSP-1 locus separated by a map distance of more than 4 kb, suggesting that low meiotic recombination rates occur in both parasite populations. These results indicate a role for non-homologous recombination, such as strand-slippage mispairing during mitosis and gene conversion, in creating variation in a malarial antigen under strong diversifying selection.},
	keywords = {Alleles, Animals, Brazil, DNA, Protozoan, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Variation, Haplotypes, Linkage Disequilibrium, Malaria Vaccines, Merozoite Surface Protein 1, Molecular Sequence Data, Plasmodium falciparum, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Recombination, Genetic, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam},
	issn = {0378-1119},
	author = {Ferreira, Marcelo U and Ribeiro, Weber L and Tonon, Angela P and Kawamoto, Fumihiko and Rich, Stephen M}
}
