@article {710,
	title = {Extracellular simian virus 40 transmits a signal that promotes virus enclosure within caveolae.},
	journal = {Exp Cell Res},
	volume = {246},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999 Jan 10},
	pages = {83-90},
	abstract = {It was reported earlier that entry of simian virus 40 (SV40) into cells is promoted by a signal transmitted by the virus from the cell surface and that SV40 enters cells through caveolae. It is shown here that bound SV40 begins to partition into a caveolae-enriched Triton X-100-insoluble membrane fraction at 30 min postadsorption. Maximal levels of SV40 were seen in that fraction at 1 h. The sterol-binding agent nystatin, which selectively disrupts the cholesterol-enriched caveolae-containing membrane microdomain, selectively blocked the SV40-induced signal. This implies that the SV40 signal is transmitted from that membrane microdomain. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, which was earlier shown to block the SV40-induced signal and infectious entry, did not block the partitioning of SV40 into the detergent-insoluble membrane fraction. This shows that the signal is not required for the translocation of SV40 to the detergent-insoluble membrane and is consistent with the finding that the signal is likely transmitted from that membrane microdomain. However, electron microscopy of the Triton X-100-insoluble membrane fraction showed that genistein caused SV40 particles to accumulate at the annuli or mouths of the caveolae. In contrast, most SV40 particles were found enclosed within caveolae in parallel samples from untreated control cells. Together, these results imply that SV40 initially binds to flat detergent-soluble membrane. The virus then translocates to a caveolae-containing detergent-insoluble membrane microdomain. From the flat portion of that membrane microdomain the virus induces a signal which promotes its entry into caveolae.},
	keywords = {Animals, Blotting, Northern, Blotting, Western, Caveolin 1, Caveolins, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cercopithecus aethiops, Cholesterol, Endocytosis, Genes, myc, Genistein, Kidney, Membrane Proteins, Microscopy, Electron, Nystatin, Octoxynol, Signal Transduction, Simian virus 40, Solubility},
	issn = {0014-4827},
	doi = {10.1006/excr.1998.4301},
	author = {Chen, Y and Norkin, L C}
}
@article {711,
	title = {Simian virus 40 infection via MHC class I molecules and caveolae.},
	journal = {Immunol Rev},
	volume = {168},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999 Apr},
	pages = {13-22},
	abstract = {MHC class I molecules are a necessary component of the cell surface receptor for simian virus 40 (SV40). After binding to class I molecules, SV40 enters cells via a unique endocytic pathway that involves caveolae, rather than clathrin-coated pits. This pathway is dependent on a transmembrane signal that SV40 transmits from the cell surface. Furthermore, it delivers SV40 to the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than to the endosomal/lysosomal compartment, which is the usual target for endocytic traffic. The glycosphingolipid and cholesterol-enriched plasma membrane domains that contain caveolae are also enriched for class I molecules, relative to whole plasma membrane. Nevertheless, although class I molecules bind SV40, they do not enter with SV40, nor do they enter spontaneously into uninfected SV40 host cells. Instead, they are shed from the cell surface by the activity of a metalloprotease. These results imply the existence of a putative secondary receptor for SV40 that might mediate SV40 entry. It is not yet clear whether class I molecules are active in transmitting the SV40 signal. Monoclonal antibodies against class I molecules also induce a signal in the SV40 host cells. However, the antibody-induced signal is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), whereas the SV40 signal is independent of MAP kinase.},
	keywords = {Animals, Cell Membrane, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Humans, Papillomavirus Infections, Receptors, Virus, Simian virus 40, Tumor Virus Infections},
	issn = {0105-2896},
	author = {Norkin, L C}
}
@article {709,
	title = {MHC class I molecules are enriched in caveolae but do not enter with simian virus 40.},
	journal = {J Gen Virol},
	volume = {79 ( Pt 6)},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998 Jun},
	pages = {1469-77},
	abstract = {Simian virus 40 (SV40) binds to MHC class I molecules anywhere on the cell surface and then enters through caveolae. The fate of class I molecules after SV40 binding is not known. Sensitivity of 125I-surface-labelled class I molecules to papain cleavage was used to distinguish internalized class I molecules from class I molecules remaining at the cell surface. Whereas the caveolae-enriched membrane microdomain was found to also be enriched for class I molecules, no internalized papain-resistant 125I-surface-labelled class I molecules could be detected at any time in either control cells or in cells preadsorbed with saturating amounts of SV40. Instead, 125I-surface-labelled class I molecules, as well as preadsorbed 125I-labelled anti-class I antibodies, accumulated in the medium, coincident with the turnover of class I molecules at the cell surface. The class I heavy chains that accumulated in the medium were truncated and their release was specifically prevented by the metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline. Thus, whereas class I molecules mediate SV40 binding, they do not appear to mediate SV40 entry.},
	keywords = {Animals, Caveolin 1, Caveolins, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Cercopithecus aethiops, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Humans, Membrane Proteins, Simian virus 40},
	issn = {0022-1317},
	author = {Anderson, H A and Chen, Y and Norkin, L C}
}
@article {708,
	title = {Bound simian virus 40 translocates to caveolin-enriched membrane domains, and its entry is inhibited by drugs that selectively disrupt caveolae.},
	journal = {Mol Biol Cell},
	volume = {7},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996 Nov},
	pages = {1825-34},
	abstract = {Simian virus 40 (SV40) entry leading to infection occurred only after the virus was at the cell surface for 1.5 to 2 h. SV40 infectious entry was not sensitive to cytosol acidification, a treatment that blocks endocytosis via clathrin-coated vesicles. Instead, SV40 infectious entry was blocked by treating cells with the phorbol ester PMA or nystatin, which selectively disrupts caveolae. In control experiments, transferrin internalization was sensitive to cytosol acidification but was not sensitive to PMA or nystatin. Also, absorbed transferrin entered cells within minutes. Finally, bound SV40 translocated to caveolin-enriched membrane complexes isolated by a Triton X-100 insolubility protocol. Treatment with nystatin did not impair SV40 binding but did block the partitioning of virus into the caveolin-enriched complexes.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming, Caveolin 1, Caveolins, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Coated Vesicles, Endocytosis, Membrane Proteins, Nystatin, Organelles, Simian virus 40, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate},
	issn = {1059-1524},
	author = {Anderson, H A and Chen, Y and Norkin, L C}
}
@article {706,
	title = {Multiple stages of virus-receptor interactions as shown by simian virus 40.},
	journal = {Adv Exp Med Biol},
	volume = {408},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996},
	pages = {159-67},
	keywords = {Animals, Cell Membrane, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Humans, Receptors, Virus, Signal Transduction, Simian virus 40},
	issn = {0065-2598},
	author = {Norkin, L C and Anderson, H A}
}
