@article {600,
	title = {Comment on "Abiotic controls on H2 production from basalt-water reactions and implications for aquifer biogeochemistry".},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {35},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001 Apr 1},
	pages = {1556-9},
	keywords = {Hydrogen, Minerals, Organic Chemicals, Oxidation-Reduction, Silicates, Water, Water Microbiology},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	author = {Anderson, R T and Chapelle, F H and Lovley, D R}
}
@article {621,
	title = {Evidence against hydrogen-based microbial ecosystems in basalt aquifers},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {281},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998 Aug 14},
	pages = {976-7},
	abstract = {It has been proposed that hydrogen produced from basalt-ground-water interactions may serve as an energy source that supports the existence of microorganisms in the deep subsurface on Earth and possibly on other planets. However, experiments demonstrated that hydrogen is not produced from basalt at an environmentally relevant, alkaline pH. Small amounts of hydrogen were produced at a lower pH in laboratory incubations, but even this hydrogen production was transitory. Furthermore, geochemical considerations suggest that previously reported rates of hydrogen production cannot be sustained over geologically significant time frames. These findings indicate that hydrogen production from basalt-ground-water interactions may not support microbial metabolism in the subsurface.},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	author = {Anderson, R T and Chapelle, F H and Lovley, D R}
}
@article {622,
	title = {Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {64},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998 Aug},
	pages = {3102-5},
	abstract = {Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride and [1, 2-14C]dichloroethene to 14CO2 under humic acid-reducing conditions was demonstrated. The results indicate that waterborne contaminants can be oxidized by using humic acid compounds as electron acceptors and suggest that natural aquatic systems have a much larger capacity for contaminant oxidation than previously thought.},
	keywords = {Aerobiosis, Anaerobiosis, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Geologic Sediments, Humic Substances, Oxidation-Reduction, Vinyl Chloride, Water Microbiology, Water Pollutants},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	author = {Bradley, P M and Chapelle, F H and Lovley, D R}
}
@article {631,
	title = {Hydrogen-based microbial ecosystems in the Earth.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {272},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996 May 10},
	pages = {896b},
	issn = {0036-8075},
	doi = {10.1126/science.272.5263.896b},
	author = {Lovley, D R and Chapelle, F H}
}
@article {636,
	title = {Rapid Anaerobic Benzene Oxidation with a Variety of Chelated Fe(III) Forms.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {62},
	year = {1996},
	month = {1996 Jan},
	pages = {288-91},
	abstract = {Fe(III) chelated to such compounds as EDTA, N-methyliminodiacetic acid, ethanol diglycine, humic acids, and phosphates stimulated benzene oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction in anaerobic sediments from a petroleum-contaminated aquifer as effectively as or more effectively than nitrilotriacetic acid did in a previously demonstrated stimulation experiment. These results indicate that many forms of chelated Fe(III) might be applicable to aquifer remediation.},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	author = {Lovley, D R and Woodward, J C and Chapelle, F H}
}
@article {643,
	title = {Stimulated anoxic biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons using Fe(III) ligands.},
	journal = {Nature},
	volume = {370},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994 Jul 14},
	pages = {128-31},
	abstract = {Contamination of ground waters with water-soluble aromatic hydrocarbons, common components of petroleum pollution, often produces anoxic conditions under which microbial degradation of the aromatics is slow. Oxygen is often added to contaminated ground water to stimulate biodegradation, but this can be technically difficult and expensive. Insoluble Fe(III) oxides, which are generally abundant in shallow aquifers, are alternative potential oxidants, but are difficult for microorganisms to access. Here we report that adding organic ligands that bind to Fe(III) dramatically increases its bioavailability, and that in the presence of these ligands, rates of degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in anoxic aquifer sediments are comparable to those in oxic sediments. We find that even benzene, which is notoriously refractory in the absence of oxygen, can be rapidly degraded. Our results suggest that increasing the bioavailability of Fe(III) by adding suitable ligands provides a potential alternative to oxygen addition for the bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated aquifers.},
	keywords = {Benzene, Biodegradation, Environmental, Ferric Compounds, Hydrocarbons, Ligands, Methane, Nitrilotriacetic Acid, Oxidation-Reduction, Toluene, Water Pollutants, Chemical},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	doi = {10.1038/370128a0},
	author = {Lovley, D R and Woodward, J C and Chapelle, F H}
}
@article {644,
	title = {Use of dissolved h2 concentrations to determine distribution of microbially catalyzed redox reactions in anoxic groundwater.},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {28},
	year = {1994},
	month = {1994 Jul 1},
	pages = {1205-10},
	issn = {0013-936X},
	doi = {10.1021/es00056a005},
	author = {Lovley, D R and Chapelle, F H and Woodward, J C}
}
@article {658,
	title = {Rates of microbial metabolism in deep coastal plain aquifers.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1990},
	month = {1990 Jun},
	pages = {1865-74},
	abstract = {Rates of microbial metabolism in deep anaerobic aquifers of the Atlantic coastal plain of South Carolina were investigated by both microbiological and geochemical techniques. Rates of [2-C]acetate and [U-C]glucose oxidation as well as geochemical evidence indicated that metabolic rates were faster in the sandy sediments composing the aquifers than in the clayey sediments of the confining layers. In the sandy aquifer sediments, estimates of the rates of CO(2) production (millimoles of CO(2) per liter per year) based on the oxidation of [2-C] acetate were 9.4 x 10 to 2.4 x 10 for the Black Creek aquifer, 1.1 x 10 for the Middendorf aquifer, and <7 x 10 for the Cape Fear aquifer. These estimates were at least 2 orders of magnitude lower than previously published estimates that were based on the accumulation of CO(2) in laboratory incubations of similar deep subsurface sediments. In contrast, geochemical modeling of groundwater chemistry changes along aquifer flowpaths gave rate estimates that ranged from 10 to 10 mmol of CO(2) per liter per year. The age of these sediments (ca. 80 million years) and their organic carbon content suggest that average rates of CO(2) production could have been no more than 10 mmol per liter per year. Thus, laboratory incubations may greatly overestimate the in situ rates of microbial metabolism in deep subsurface environments. This has important implications for the use of laboratory incubations in attempts to estimate biorestoration capacities of deep aquifers. The rate estimates from geochemical modeling indicate that deep aquifers are among the most oligotrophic aquatic environments in which there is ongoing microbial metabolism.},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	author = {Chapelle, F H and Lovley, D R}
}
