@article {437,
	title = {Gene expression and deletion analysis of mechanisms for electron transfer from electrodes to Geobacter sulfurreducens.},
	journal = {Bioelectrochemistry},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011 Feb},
	pages = {142-50},
	abstract = {Geobacter sulfurreducens is one of the few microorganisms available in pure culture known to directly accept electrons from a negatively poised electrode. Microarray analysis was used to compare gene transcript abundance in biofilms of G. sulfurreducens using a graphite electrode as the sole electron donor for fumarate reduction compared with transcript abundance in biofilms growing on the same material, but not consuming current. Surprisingly, genes for putative cell-electrode connections, such as outer-surface cytochromes and pili, which are highly expressed in current-producing biofilms, were not highly expressed in current-consuming biofilms. Microarray analysis of G. sulfurreducens gene transcript abundance in current-consuming biofilms versus current-producing biofilms gave similar results. In both comparative studies current-consuming biofilms had greater transcript abundance for a gene (GSU3274) encoding a putative monoheme, c-type cytochrome. Deletion of genes for outer-surface proteins previously shown to be essential for optimal electron transfer to electrodes had no impact on electron transfer from electrodes. Deletion of GSU3274 completely inhibited electron transfer from electrodes, but had no impact on electron transfer to electrodes. These differences in gene expression patterns and the impact of gene deletions suggest that the mechanisms for electron transfer from electrodes to G. sulfurreducens differ significantly from the mechanisms for electron transfer to electrodes.},
	keywords = {Bacterial Proteins, Biofilms, Cytochromes, Electrodes, Electron Transport, Electrons, Gene Expression, Geobacter, Graphite, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Oxidation-Reduction, Sequence Deletion},
	issn = {1878-562X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bioelechem.2010.07.005},
	author = {Strycharz, Sarah M and Glaven, Richard H and Coppi, Maddalena V and Gannon, Sarah M and Perpetua, Lorrie A and Liu, Anna and Nevin, Kelly P and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {475,
	title = {Graphite electrode as a sole electron donor for reductive dechlorination of tetrachlorethene by Geobacter lovleyi.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 Oct},
	pages = {5943-7},
	abstract = {The possibility that graphite electrodes can serve as the direct electron donor for microbially catalyzed reductive dechlorination was investigated with Geobacter lovleyi. In an initial evaluation of whether G. lovleyi could interact electronically with graphite electrodes, cells were provided with acetate as the electron donor and an electrode as the sole electron acceptor. Current was produced at levels that were ca. 10-fold lower than those previously reported for Geobacter sulfurreducens under similar conditions, and G. lovleyi anode biofilms were correspondingly thinner. When an electrode poised at -300 mV (versus a standard hydrogen electrode) was provided as the electron donor, G. lovleyi effectively reduced fumarate to succinate. The stoichiometry of electrons consumed to succinate produced was 2:1, the ratio expected if the electrode served as the sole electron donor for fumarate reduction. G. lovleyi effectively reduced tetrachloroethene (PCE) to cis-dichloroethene with a poised electrode as the sole electron donor at rates comparable to those obtained when acetate serves as the electron donor. Cells were less abundant on the electrodes when the electrodes served as an electron donor than when they served as an electron acceptor. PCE was not reduced in controls without cells or when the current supply to cells was interrupted. These results demonstrate that G. lovleyi can use a poised electrode as a direct electron donor for reductive dechlorination of PCE. The ability to colocalize dechlorinating microorganisms with electrodes has several potential advantages for bioremediation of subsurface chlorinated contaminants, especially in source zones where electron donor delivery is challenging and often limits dechlorination.},
	keywords = {Acetic Acid, Biofilms, Biomass, Electricity, Electrodes, Electrons, Ethylene Dichlorides, Fumarates, Geobacter, Graphite, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Succinic Acid, Tetrachloroethylene},
	issn = {1098-5336},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.00961-08},
	author = {Strycharz, Sarah M and Woodard, Trevor L and Johnson, Jessica P and Nevin, Kelly P and Sanford, Robert A and L{\"o}ffler, Frank E and Lovley, Derek R}
}
