@article {469,
	title = {Polar lipid fatty acids, LPS-hydroxy fatty acids, and respiratory quinones of three Geobacter strains, and variation with electron acceptor.},
	journal = {J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol},
	volume = {36},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Feb},
	pages = {205-9},
	abstract = {The polar lipid fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide hydroxy-fatty acids, and respiratory quinones of Geobacter metallireducens str. GS-15, Geobacter sulfurreducens str. PCA, and Geobacter bemidjiensis str. Bem are reported. Also, the lipids of G. metallireducens were compared when grown with Fe(3+) or nitrate as electron acceptors and G. sulfurreducens with Fe(3+) or fumarate. In all experiments, the most abundant polar lipid fatty acids were 14:0, i15:0, 16:1 omega 7c, 16:1 omega 5c, and 16:0; lipopolysaccharide hydroxy-fatty acids were dominated by 3oh16:0, 3oh14:0, 9oh16:0, and 10oh16:0; and menaquinone-8 was the most abundant respiratory quinone. Some variation in lipid profiles with strain were observed, but not with electron acceptor.},
	keywords = {Culture Media, Electrons, Environmental Microbiology, Fatty Acids, Ferrous Compounds, Geobacter, Lipids, Lipopolysaccharides, Nitrates, Quinones, Vitamin K 2},
	issn = {1476-5535},
	doi = {10.1007/s10295-008-0486-7},
	author = {Hedrick, D B and Peacock, A D and Lovley, D R and Woodard, T L and Nevin, K P and Long, P E and White, D C}
}
@article {524,
	title = {Characterization of metabolism in the Fe(III)-reducing organism Geobacter sulfurreducens by constraint-based modeling.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {72},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006 Feb},
	pages = {1558-68},
	abstract = {Geobacter sulfurreducens is a well-studied representative of the Geobacteraceae, which play a critical role in organic matter oxidation coupled to Fe(III) reduction, bioremediation of groundwater contaminated with organics or metals, and electricity production from waste organic matter. In order to investigate G. sulfurreducens central metabolism and electron transport, a metabolic model which integrated genome-based predictions with available genetic and physiological data was developed via the constraint-based modeling approach. Evaluation of the rates of proton production and consumption in the extracellular and cytoplasmic compartments revealed that energy conservation with extracellular electron acceptors, such as Fe(III), was limited relative to that associated with intracellular acceptors. This limitation was attributed to lack of cytoplasmic proton consumption during reduction of extracellular electron acceptors. Model-based analysis of the metabolic cost of producing an extracellular electron shuttle to promote electron transfer to insoluble Fe(III) oxides demonstrated why Geobacter species, which do not produce shuttles, have an energetic advantage over shuttle-producing Fe(III) reducers in subsurface environments. In silico analysis also revealed that the metabolic network of G. sulfurreducens could synthesize amino acids more efficiently than that of Escherichia coli due to the presence of a pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which catalyzes synthesis of pyruvate from acetate and carbon dioxide in a single step. In silico phenotypic analysis of deletion mutants demonstrated the capability of the model to explore the flexibility of G. sulfurreducens central metabolism and correctly predict mutant phenotypes. These results demonstrate that iterative modeling coupled with experimentation can accelerate the understanding of the physiology of poorly studied but environmentally relevant organisms and may help optimize their practical applications.},
	keywords = {Amino Acids, Electron Transport, Escherichia coli, Fumarates, Geobacter, Iron, Models, Biological, Mutation, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenotype, Protons, Quinones, Species Specificity},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.72.2.1558-1568.2006},
	author = {Mahadevan, R and Bond, D R and Butler, J E and Esteve-Nu{\~n}ez, A and Coppi, M V and Palsson, B O and Schilling, C H and Lovley, D R}
}
