@article {560,
	title = {Diversity of Geobacteraceae species inhabiting metal-polluted freshwater lake sediments ascertained by 16S rDNA analyses.},
	journal = {Microb Ecol},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003 Aug},
	pages = {257-69},
	abstract = {The abundance, distribution, and phylogenetic diversity of members of the Fe(III)-reducing family Geobacteraceae were studied along a gradient of metal contaminants in Lake Coeur d{\textquoteright}Alene, Idaho. Partial 16S rRNA gene fragments were amplified by PCR using primers directed toward conserved regions of the gene within the family Geobacteraceae. Analysis of amplicons separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) suggested within-site variation was as great as between-site variation. Amplicons were cloned and grouped by RFLP type and DGGE migration distance and representatives were sequenced. Grouping clones with 3\% or less sequence dissimilarity, 15 distinct phylotypes were identified compared to 16 distinct DGGE bands. Only 1 phylotype was recovered from all sites. This clone, B14, is most closely related to Geobacter metallireducens and constituted a greater portion of the pristine community than of the contaminated communities. A second phylotype, Q2, predominated in the contaminated communities and was notably absent from the pristine libraries. Clone Q2 presents a high degree of sequence similarity to two Geobacter spp. previously isolated from this region of Lake Coeur d{\textquoteright}Alene. Six phylotypes were unique to the contaminated sediments, whereas two were found only in the pristine sediments. Indices of diversity (Shannon and Simpson) were consistently higher when calculated with DGGE data than when clone library data were used. Most-probable-number PCR and real-time PCR suggested that the Geobacteraceae phylotypes were spread relatively evenly across all three sites along the gradient. Our data indicate that the Geobacteraceae are diverse and abundant in Lake Coeur d{\textquoteright}Alene sediments, regardless of metals content. These results provide insight into the ability of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria to colonize habitats with elevated metal concentrations, and they have important implications for the management and remediation of metal-contaminated sites.},
	keywords = {Cloning, Molecular, Geobacter, Geologic Sediments, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Population Dynamics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Water Pollutants, Water Supply},
	issn = {0095-3628},
	author = {Cummings, D E and Snoeyenbos-West, O L and Newby, D T and Niggemyer, A M and Lovley, D R and Achenbach, L A and Rosenzweig, R F}
}
@article {619,
	title = {Microbial communities associated with anaerobic benzene degradation in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {65},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999 Jul},
	pages = {3056-63},
	abstract = {Microbial community composition associated with benzene oxidation under in situ Fe(III)-reducing conditions in a petroleum-contaminated aquifer located in Bemidji, Minn., was investigated. Community structure associated with benzene degradation was compared to sediment communities that did not anaerobically oxidize benzene which were obtained from two adjacent Fe(III)-reducing sites and from methanogenic and uncontaminated zones. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA sequences amplified with bacterial or Geobacteraceae-specific primers indicated significant differences in the composition of the microbial communities at the different sites. Most notable was a selective enrichment of microorganisms in the Geobacter cluster seen in the benzene-degrading sediments. This finding was in accordance with phospholipid fatty acid analysis and most-probable-number-PCR enumeration, which indicated that members of the family Geobacteraceae were more numerous in these sediments. A benzene-oxidizing Fe(III)-reducing enrichment culture was established from benzene-degrading sediments and contained an organism closely related to the uncultivated Geobacter spp. This genus contains the only known organisms that can oxidize aromatic compounds with the reduction of Fe(III). Sequences closely related to the Fe(III) reducer Geothrix fermentans and the aerobe Variovorax paradoxus were also amplified from the benzene-degrading enrichment and were present in the benzene-degrading sediments. However, neither G. fermentans nor V. paradoxus is known to oxidize aromatic compounds with the reduction of Fe(III), and there was no apparent enrichment of these organisms in the benzene-degrading sediments. These results suggest that Geobacter spp. play an important role in the anaerobic oxidation of benzene in the Bemidji aquifer and that molecular community analysis may be a powerful tool for predicting a site{\textquoteright}s capacity for anaerobic benzene degradation.},
	keywords = {Anaerobiosis, Benzene, Biodegradation, Environmental, Culture Media, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Ribosomal, Fresh Water, Geologic Sediments, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxidation-Reduction, Petroleum, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Water Pollutants},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	author = {Rooney-Varga, J N and Anderson, R T and Fraga, J L and Ringelberg, D and Lovley, D R}
}
@article {622,
	title = {Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene.},
	journal = {Appl Environ Microbiol},
	volume = {64},
	year = {1998},
	month = {1998 Aug},
	pages = {3102-5},
	abstract = {Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride and [1, 2-14C]dichloroethene to 14CO2 under humic acid-reducing conditions was demonstrated. The results indicate that waterborne contaminants can be oxidized by using humic acid compounds as electron acceptors and suggest that natural aquatic systems have a much larger capacity for contaminant oxidation than previously thought.},
	keywords = {Aerobiosis, Anaerobiosis, Bacteria, Biodegradation, Environmental, Geologic Sediments, Humic Substances, Oxidation-Reduction, Vinyl Chloride, Water Microbiology, Water Pollutants},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	author = {Bradley, P M and Chapelle, F H and Lovley, D R}
}
