@article {3117,
	title = {Carbon cloth stimulates direct interspecies electron transfer in syntrophic co-cultures.},
	journal = {Bioresour Technol},
	volume = {173},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Dec},
	pages = {82-86},
	abstract = {<p>This study investigated the possibility that the electrical conductivity of carbon cloth accelerates direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in co-cultures. Carbon cloth accelerated metabolism of DIET co-cultures (Geobacter metallireducens-Geobacter sulfurreducens and G.metallireducens-Methanosarcina barkeri) but did not promote metabolism of co-cultures performing interspecies H2 transfer (Desulfovibrio vulgaris-G.sulfurreducens). On the other hand, DIET co-cultures were not stimulated by poorly conductive cotton cloth. Mutant strains lacking electrically conductive pili, or pili-associated cytochromes participated in DIET only in the presence of carbon cloth. In co-cultures promoted by carbon cloth, cells were primarily associated with the cloth although the syntrophic partners were too far apart for cell-to-cell biological electrical connections to be feasible. Carbon cloth seemingly mediated interspecies electron transfer between the distant syntrophic partners. These results suggest that the ability of carbon cloth to accelerate DIET should be considered in anaerobic digester designs that incorporate carbon cloth.</p>},
	keywords = {Carbon, Cell Communication, Coculture Techniques, Electric Conductivity, Electron Transport, Geobacter, Materials Testing, Membranes, Artificial, Microbial Consortia, Oxidation-Reduction, Symbiosis},
	issn = {1873-2976},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.009},
	author = {Chen, Shanshan and Rotaru, Amelia-Elena and Liu, Fanghua and Philips, Jo and Woodard, Trevor L and Nevin, Kelly P and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {3124,
	title = {Promoting interspecies electron transfer with biochar.},
	journal = {Sci Rep},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 May 21},
	pages = {5019},
	abstract = {<p>Biochar, a charcoal-like product of the incomplete combustion of organic materials, is an increasingly popular soil amendment designed to improve soil fertility. We investigated the possibility that biochar could promote direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in a manner similar to that previously reported for granular activated carbon (GAC). Although the biochars investigated were 1000 times less conductive than GAC, they stimulated DIET in co-cultures of Geobacter metallireducens with Geobacter sulfurreducens or Methanosarcina barkeri in which ethanol was the electron donor. Cells were attached to the biochar, yet not in close contact, suggesting that electrons were likely conducted through the biochar, rather than biological electrical connections. The finding that biochar can stimulate DIET may be an important consideration when amending soils with biochar and can help explain why biochar may enhance methane production from organic wastes under anaerobic conditions.</p>},
	keywords = {Charcoal, Coculture Techniques, Electron Transport, Electrons, Ethanol, Geobacter, Methanosarcina barkeri, Soil},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/srep05019},
	author = {Chen, Shanshan and Rotaru, Amelia-Elena and Shrestha, Pravin Malla and Malvankar, Nikhil S and Liu, Fanghua and Fan, Wei and Nevin, Kelly P and Lovley, Derek R}
}
