@article {3113,
	title = {Correlation between microbial community and granule conductivity in anaerobic bioreactors for brewery wastewater treatment.},
	journal = {Bioresour Technol},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Dec},
	pages = {306-10},
	abstract = {<p>Prior investigation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating brewery wastes suggested that direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) significantly contributed to interspecies electron transfer to methanogens. To investigate DIET in granules further, the electrical conductivity and bacterial community composition of granules in fourteen samples from four different UASB reactors treating brewery wastes were investigated. All of the UASB granules were electrically conductive whereas control granules from ANAMMOX (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) reactors and microbial granules from an aerobic bioreactor designed for phosphate removal were not. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.67) between the abundance of Geobacter species in the UASB granules and granule conductivity, suggesting that Geobacter contributed to granule conductivity. These results, coupled with previous studies, which have demonstrated that Geobacter species can donate electrons to methanogens that are typically predominant in anaerobic digesters, suggest that DIET may be a widespread phenomenon in UASB reactors treating brewery wastes.</p>},
	keywords = {Alcoholic Beverages, Anaerobiosis, Bacteria, Bioreactors, Electric Conductivity, Ethanol, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sewage, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Wastewater, Water Purification},
	issn = {1873-2976},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.004},
	author = {Shrestha, Pravin Malla and Malvankar, Nikhil S and Werner, Jeffrey J and Franks, Ashley E and Elena-Rotaru, Amelia and Shrestha, Minita and Liu, Fanghua and Nevin, Kelly P and Angenent, Largus T and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {3124,
	title = {Promoting interspecies electron transfer with biochar.},
	journal = {Sci Rep},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 May 21},
	pages = {5019},
	abstract = {<p>Biochar, a charcoal-like product of the incomplete combustion of organic materials, is an increasingly popular soil amendment designed to improve soil fertility. We investigated the possibility that biochar could promote direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in a manner similar to that previously reported for granular activated carbon (GAC). Although the biochars investigated were 1000 times less conductive than GAC, they stimulated DIET in co-cultures of Geobacter metallireducens with Geobacter sulfurreducens or Methanosarcina barkeri in which ethanol was the electron donor. Cells were attached to the biochar, yet not in close contact, suggesting that electrons were likely conducted through the biochar, rather than biological electrical connections. The finding that biochar can stimulate DIET may be an important consideration when amending soils with biochar and can help explain why biochar may enhance methane production from organic wastes under anaerobic conditions.</p>},
	keywords = {Charcoal, Coculture Techniques, Electron Transport, Electrons, Ethanol, Geobacter, Methanosarcina barkeri, Soil},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/srep05019},
	author = {Chen, Shanshan and Rotaru, Amelia-Elena and Shrestha, Pravin Malla and Malvankar, Nikhil S and Liu, Fanghua and Fan, Wei and Nevin, Kelly P and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {431,
	title = {Direct exchange of electrons within aggregates of an evolved syntrophic coculture of anaerobic bacteria.},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {330},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Dec 3},
	pages = {1413-5},
	abstract = {Microbial consortia that cooperatively exchange electrons play a key role in the anaerobic processing of organic matter. Interspecies hydrogen transfer is a well-documented strategy for electron exchange in dispersed laboratory cultures, but cooperative partners in natural environments often form multispecies aggregates. We found that laboratory evolution of a coculture of Geobacter metallireducens and Geobacter sulfurreducens metabolizing ethanol favored the formation of aggregates that were electrically conductive. Sequencing aggregate DNA revealed selection for a mutation that enhances the production of a c-type cytochrome involved in extracellular electron transfer and accelerates the formation of aggregates. Aggregate formation was also much faster in mutants that were deficient in interspecies hydrogen transfer, further suggesting direct interspecies electron transfer.},
	keywords = {Anaerobiosis, Bacterial Proteins, Biological Evolution, Culture Media, Cytochrome c Group, Electron Transport, Electrons, Ethanol, Fimbriae Proteins, Geobacter, Hydrogen, Microbial Consortia, Microbial Interactions, Mutation, Oxidation-Reduction, Selection, Genetic},
	issn = {1095-9203},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1196526},
	author = {Summers, Zarath M and Fogarty, Heather E and Leang, Ching and Franks, Ashley E and Malvankar, Nikhil S and Lovley, Derek R}
}
