@article {484,
	title = {Geobacter uraniireducens sp. nov., isolated from subsurface sediment undergoing uranium bioremediation.},
	journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol},
	volume = {58},
	year = {2008},
	month = {2008 May},
	pages = {1075-8},
	abstract = {A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, strain Rf4T, which conserves energy from dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction concomitant with acetate oxidation, was isolated from subsurface sediment undergoing uranium bioremediation. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Rf4T matched sequences recovered in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries constructed from DNA extracted from groundwater sampled at the same time as the source sediment. Cells of strain Rf4T were regular, motile rods, 1.2-2.0 microm long and 0.5-0.6 microm in diameter, with rounded ends. Cells had one lateral flagellum. Growth was optimal at pH 6.5-7.0 and 32 degrees C. With acetate as the electron donor, strain Rf4T used Fe(III), Mn(IV), anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, malate and fumarate as electron acceptors and reduced U(VI) in cell suspensions. With poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor, strain Rf4T oxidized the following electron donors: acetate, lactate, pyruvate and ethanol. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Rf4T placed it in the genus Geobacter. Strain Rf4T was most closely related to {\textquoteright}Geobacter humireducens{\textquoteright} JW3 (95.9 \% sequence similarity), Geobacter bremensis Dfr1T (95.4 \%) and Geobacter bemidjiensis BemT (95.1 \%). Based on phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic differences between strain Rf4T and closely related Geobacter species, this strain is described as a representative of a novel species, Geobacter uraniireducens sp. nov. The type strain is Rf4T (=ATCC BAA-1134T =JCM 13001T).},
	keywords = {Bacterial Typing Techniques, DNA, Bacterial, Genes, rRNA, Genotype, Geobacter, Geologic Sediments, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenotype, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity, Uranium},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.65377-0},
	author = {Shelobolina, Evgenya S and Vrionis, Helen A and Findlay, Robert H and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {508,
	title = {Geobacter pickeringii sp. nov., Geobacter argillaceus sp. nov. and Pelosinus fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from subsurface kaolin lenses.},
	journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol},
	volume = {57},
	year = {2007},
	month = {2007 Jan},
	pages = {126-35},
	abstract = {The goal of this project was to isolate representative Fe(III)-reducing bacteria from kaolin clays that may influence iron mineralogy in kaolin. Two novel dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, strains G12(T) and G13(T), were isolated from sedimentary kaolin strata in Georgia (USA). Cells of strains G12(T) and G13(T) were motile, non-spore-forming regular rods, 1-2 mum long and 0.6 mum in diameter. Cells had one lateral flagellum. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strains demonstrated their affiliation to the genus Geobacter. Strain G12(T) was most closely related to Geobacter pelophilus (94.7 \%) and Geobacter chapellei (94.1 \%). Strain G13(T) was most closely related to Geobacter grbiciae (95.3 \%) and Geobacter metallireducens (95.1 \%). Based on phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic differences between the novel isolates and other closely related species of the genus Geobacter, the isolates are proposed as representing two novel species, Geobacter argillaceus sp. nov. (type strain G12(T)=ATCC BAA-1139(T)=JCM 12999(T)) and Geobacter pickeringii sp. nov. (type strain G13(T)=ATCC BAA-1140(T)=DSM 17153(T)=JCM 13000(T)). Another isolate, strain R7(T), was derived from a primary kaolin deposit in Russia. The cells of strain R7(T) were motile, spore-forming, slightly curved rods, 0.6 x 2.0-6.0 microm in size and with up to six peritrichous flagella. Strain R7(T) was capable of reducing Fe(III) only in the presence of a fermentable substrate. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate is unique, showing less than 92 \% similarity to bacteria of the Sporomusa-Pectinatus-Selenomomas phyletic group, including {\textquoteright}Anaerospora hongkongensis{\textquoteright} (90.2 \%), Acetonema longum (90.6 \%), Dendrosporobacter quercicolus (90.9 \%) and Anaerosinus glycerini (91.5 \%). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological tests, strain R7(T) is proposed to represent a novel genus and species, Pelosinus fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain R7(T)=DSM 17108(T)=ATCC BAA-1133(T)), in the Sporomusa-Pectinatus-Selenomonas group.},
	keywords = {Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Ribosomal, Ferric Compounds, Genes, rRNA, Geobacter, Geologic Sediments, Georgia, Kaolin, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxidation-Reduction, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Russia, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.64221-0},
	author = {Shelobolina, Evgenya S and Nevin, Kelly P and Blakeney-Hayward, Jessie D and Johnsen, Claudia V and Plaia, Todd W and Krader, Paul and Woodard, Trevor and Holmes, Dawn E and Vanpraagh, Catherine Gaw and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {532,
	title = {Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov., two novel Fe(III)-reducing subsurface isolates.},
	journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005 Jul},
	pages = {1667-74},
	abstract = {Fe(III)-reducing isolates were recovered from two aquifers in which Fe(III) reduction is known to be important. Strain Bem(T) was enriched from subsurface sediments collected in Bemidji, MN, USA, near a site where Fe(III) reduction is important in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. Strains P11, P35(T) and P39 were isolated from the groundwater of an aquifer in Plymouth, MA, USA, in which Fe(III) reduction is important because of long-term inputs of acetate as a highway de-icing agent to the subsurface. All four isolates were Gram-negative, slightly curved rods that grew best in freshwater media. Strains P11, P35(T) and P39 exhibited motility via means of monotrichous flagella. Analysis of the 16S rRNA and nifD genes indicated that all four strains are delta-proteobacteria and members of the Geobacter cluster of the Geobacteraceae. Differences in phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics indicated that the four isolates represent two novel species within the genus Geobacter. All of the isolates coupled the oxidation of acetate to the reduction of Fe(III) [iron(III) citrate, amorphous iron(III) oxide, iron(III) pyrophosphate and iron(III) nitrilotriacetate]. All four strains utilized ethanol, lactate, malate, pyruvate and succinate as electron donors and malate and fumarate as electron acceptors. Strain Bem(T) grew fastest at 30 degrees C, whereas strains P11, P35(T) and P39 grew equally well at 17, 22 and 30 degrees C. In addition, strains P11, P35(T) and P39 were capable of growth at 4 degrees C. The names Geobacter bemidjiensis sp. nov. (type strain Bem(T)=ATCC BAA-1014(T)=DSM 16622(T)=JCM 12645(T)) and Geobacter psychrophilus sp. nov. (strains P11, P35(T) and P39; type strain P35(T)=ATCC BAA-1013(T)=DSM 16674(T)=JCM 12644(T)) are proposed.},
	keywords = {Bacterial Proteins, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Cold Temperature, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Ribosomal, Ferric Compounds, Fresh Water, Genes, rRNA, Geobacter, Geologic Sediments, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxidation-Reduction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Species Specificity, Water Supply},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.63417-0},
	author = {Nevin, Kelly P and Holmes, Dawn E and Woodard, Trevor L and Hinlein, Erich S and Ostendorf, David W and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {547,
	title = {Comparison of 16S rRNA, nifD, recA, gyrB, rpoB and fusA genes within the family Geobacteraceae fam. nov.},
	journal = {Int J Syst Evol Microbiol},
	volume = {54},
	year = {2004},
	month = {2004 Sep},
	pages = {1591-9},
	abstract = {The sequences of five conserved genes, in addition to the 16S rRNA gene, were investigated in 30 members of the Geobacteraceae fam. nov. All members of the Geobacteraceae examined contained nifD, suggesting that they are capable of nitrogen fixation, which may explain their ability to compete effectively in nitrogen-poor subsurface environments undergoing remediation for petroleum or metal contamination. The phylogenies predicted from rpoB, gyrB, fusA, recA and nifD were generally in agreement with the phylogeny predicted from 16S rRNA gene sequences. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of concatemers constructed from all five protein-coding genes corresponded closely with the 16S rRNA gene-based phylogeny. This study demonstrated that the Geobacteraceae is a phylogenetically coherent family within the delta-subclass of the Proteobacteria that is composed of three distinct phylogenetic clusters: Geobacter, Desulfuromonas and Desulfuromusa. The sequence data provided here will make it possible to discriminate better between physiologically distinct members of the Geobacteraceae, such as Pelobacter propionicus and Geobacter species, in geobacteraceae-dominated microbial communities and greatly expands the potential to identify geobacteraceae sequences in libraries of environmental genomic DNA.},
	keywords = {Bacterial Proteins, Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfuromonas, DNA Gyrase, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Ribosomal, DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases, Genes, Bacterial, Genes, rRNA, Geobacter, Molecular Sequence Data, Nitrogen Fixation, Peptide Elongation Factor G, Phylogeny, Rec A Recombinases, RNA, Bacterial, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Sequence Analysis, DNA},
	issn = {1466-5026},
	doi = {10.1099/ijs.0.02958-0},
	author = {Holmes, Dawn E and Nevin, Kelly P and Lovley, Derek R}
}
