@article {3113,
	title = {Correlation between microbial community and granule conductivity in anaerobic bioreactors for brewery wastewater treatment.},
	journal = {Bioresour Technol},
	volume = {174},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014 Dec},
	pages = {306-10},
	abstract = {<p>Prior investigation of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating brewery wastes suggested that direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) significantly contributed to interspecies electron transfer to methanogens. To investigate DIET in granules further, the electrical conductivity and bacterial community composition of granules in fourteen samples from four different UASB reactors treating brewery wastes were investigated. All of the UASB granules were electrically conductive whereas control granules from ANAMMOX (ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation) reactors and microbial granules from an aerobic bioreactor designed for phosphate removal were not. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.67) between the abundance of Geobacter species in the UASB granules and granule conductivity, suggesting that Geobacter contributed to granule conductivity. These results, coupled with previous studies, which have demonstrated that Geobacter species can donate electrons to methanogens that are typically predominant in anaerobic digesters, suggest that DIET may be a widespread phenomenon in UASB reactors treating brewery wastes.</p>},
	keywords = {Alcoholic Beverages, Anaerobiosis, Bacteria, Bioreactors, Electric Conductivity, Ethanol, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sewage, Waste Disposal, Fluid, Wastewater, Water Purification},
	issn = {1873-2976},
	doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.004},
	author = {Shrestha, Pravin Malla and Malvankar, Nikhil S and Werner, Jeffrey J and Franks, Ashley E and Elena-Rotaru, Amelia and Shrestha, Minita and Liu, Fanghua and Nevin, Kelly P and Angenent, Largus T and Lovley, Derek R}
}
@article {3134,
	title = {Syntrophic growth with direct interspecies electron transfer as the primary mechanism for energy exchange.},
	journal = {Environ Microbiol Rep},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013 Dec},
	pages = {904-10},
	abstract = {<p>Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) through biological electrical connections is an alternative to interspecies H2 transfer as a mechanism for electron exchange in syntrophic cultures. However, it has not previously been determined whether electrons received via DIET yield energy to support cell growth. In order to investigate this, co-cultures of Geobacter metallireducens, which can transfer electrons to wild-type G. sulfurreducens via DIET, were established with a citrate synthase-deficient G. sulfurreducens strain that can receive electrons for respiration through DIET only. In a medium with ethanol as the electron donor and fumarate as the electron acceptor, co-cultures with the citrate synthase-deficient G. sulfurreducens strain metabolized ethanol as fast as co-cultures with wild-type, but the acetate that G. metallireducens generated from ethanol oxidation accumulated. The lack of acetate metabolism resulted in less fumarate reduction and lower cell abundance of G. sulfurreducens. RNAseq analysis of transcript abundance was consistent with a lack of acetate metabolism in G. sulfurreducens and revealed gene expression levels for the uptake hydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, the pilus-associated c-type cytochrome OmcS and pili consistent with electron transfer via DIET. These results suggest that electrons transferred via DIET can serve as the sole energy source to support anaerobic respiration.</p>},
	keywords = {Acetates, Anaerobiosis, Citrate (si)-Synthase, Cytochrome c Group, Electron Transport, Electrons, Energy Metabolism, Ethanol, Fimbriae, Bacterial, Formate Dehydrogenases, Fumarates, Geobacter, Oxidation-Reduction},
	issn = {1758-2229},
	doi = {10.1111/1758-2229.12093},
	author = {Shrestha, Pravin Malla and Rotaru, Amelia-Elena and Aklujkar, Muktak and Liu, Fanghua and Shrestha, Minita and Summers, Zarath M and Malvankar, Nikhil and Flores, Dan Carlo and Lovley, Derek R}
}
